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1. Battle of Gettysburg. A. Berghaus.

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. - Charge of Pickett's brigade on Cemetery Hill, Thursday night, July 9, 1863. The battle of Gettysburg, Pa, was fought on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, July 1st, 2d and 3d, 1863. The Federal army, 80,000 strong was commanded by Major General Geo. F. Meade, and the Confederate forces of about equal strength were commanded by General Robert E. Lee. The losses on the Federal side numbered 2,634 killed, 13,783 wounded and 6,643 missing. The Confederates estimated their loss in killed, wounded and prisoners, at 36,000. The result of the battle was the retreat of Lee's Army on the third day, when they recrossed the Potomac then marched down the Shenandoah valley towards Richmond. The actual time of eagagement was twenty-one hours. From a sketch made on the battle field by A. Berghaus.

2. Occupation of Beaufort. W. T. Crane.

OCCUPATION OF BEAUFORT, S. C., December 5, 1861. - The brigade of General Isaac I. Stevens, taking possession of the city at night. The city is the capital of Beaufort County and is situated on Port Royal Island, and on an arm of the sea known as Port Royal River. Beaufort is a port of entry and has a good harbor with about sixteen feet of water over the bar. From a sketch made by W. T. Crane, who accompanied the army.

3. Battle of Chickamauga, Ga. J. F. E. Hillen.

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA, GA. - Repulse of the Confederate charge led by General Cleborne, at Crawfish Creek on the evening of the 19th. The battle of Chickamauga was fought on September 19th, 20th and 21st, 1863, between General W. S. Rosecrans, commanding the. Federal army, comprised of 45,000 troops and Confederate army 70,000 strong, commanded by General Braxton Bragg. Federal losses were 11,644 killed, 9,262 wounded and 4,945 taken prisoners. The Confederates place their loss at 17,804 killed, wounded and prisoners. The Confederates captured 36 guns and 8,450 small arms, and were the victors. From a sketch made by J. F. E. Hillen.

4. First Battle of Bull Run. H. Lovie.

THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. - Advance of the Federal army on Sunday, July 21, 1861. This battle lasted for six hours. The Federal army of 85,000 men was commanded by General Irvin McDowell. The Confederate forces of equal strength were under the joint command of Generals Joseph E. Johnston and G. T. Beauregard. The losses of the Federal army were 481 killed, 1,011 wounded and 1,460 missing. The Confederates lost in killed 267, wounded 1,483, prisoners 1,421. They captured 20 guns and 4,000 stand of arms. The Federal troops were routed and fell back to the fortifications around Washington, the victorious Confederates did not follow the retreating army. From a sketch by H. Lovie.

5. Investment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. William Waud.

INVESTMENT OF FORTS JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP. - By Admiral Farragut's fleet, April 18, 1862. The ""Fire Rafts"" let loose from Fort Jackson to destroy the Federal fleet, intercepted and turned out of their course by the boats of the squadron, aided by the ferry-boat ""Westfield."" Fort Jackson was a bastioned fortification, built of brick with casements and glacis rising twenty-five feet above the water. Fort St. Philip was smaller and rose nineteen feet. They were mounted with 119 guns, mostly smooth-bore thirty-two pounders. Below the fort two iron chains were stretched across the river, supported by eight bulks anchored abreast. From a sketch by William Waud.

6. The First Battle of the War. H. Lovie.

Duryee's Zouaves Skirmishing. The Steuben Regiment's Assault - Col. Bendix. - Charge of Duryee's Zouaves. Three-gun Battery, Lieutenant Greble. Col. Townsend Deploying Two Companies to Act as Skirmishers. Albany Regiment, Col. Townsend, in Line of Battle. First New York, Col. Allen.Second New York, Col. Carr. THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE WAR.-Fought at Big Bethel, Virginia, June 10,1861. The Federal troops 3,000 strong, were commanded by Brigadier-general Pierce. The Confederates had 1,800 men under General J. B. Magruder. The battle lasted two-and-a-half hours, and the Federals lost 18 killed,. 53 wounded and 5 missing. The Confederates loss was, 8 killed, 20 wounded and 6 taken prisoners. The victory was gained by theConfederates. From a sketch by H. Lovie,

7. Battle of Cedar Mountain. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, August 9, 1862. - Confederate batteries shelling the Federal position at night. McDowell's corps marching to the field. This engagement lasted two hours, General John Pope commanded the Federal army at the time, and the forces engaged were the Second and Third army corps, under the immediate command of Generals Banks and McDowell, while General ""Stonewall"" Jackson directed the movements of the Confederates. The Federal lose was nearly 2,000 in killed, wounded and missing, besides a large quantity of arms and munitions of war. The Confederates loss was about 1,300. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

8. Hilton Head, Port Royal Harbor, S. C. W. T. Crane.

HILTON HEAD, PORT ROYAL HARBOR, S. C. - A view of the bombardment of the Confederate forts by the Federal fleet, November 7, 1861, sketched from the ramparts of Fort Walker during the bombardment by a confederate officer. The Federal fleet was comprised of fifteen vessels, commanded by Commodore S.F. Dupont. The Confederate forts"" Walker"" and ""Beauregard"" were splendidly garrisoned and mounted 43 guns of heavy calibre, under the command of Commodore Tatnell. The forts were forced to surrender, and the Federal losses in the engagement were 8 killed, 23 wounded, while the Confederate loss,was about 100 killed, 100 wounded and 2,500 taken prisoners, with 42 guns. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

9. Island No. 10. Henry Lovie.

ISLAND No. 10. - Night expedition by Colonel Roberts, with forty picked men of the Fofty-second Illinois regiment, spiking the guns of the upper battery, April 1, 1862 during a violent hurricane. In the siege of Island No. 10, the Federal land forces were commanded by General John Pope, and the naval forces by Commodore A. H. Foote. The Confederate forces were commanded by General Beauregard. On April 6th, he determined to evacuate the island, and after sinking a gun-boat and six steamboats, so as to obstruct the channel be turned over the command to General V. D. McCall, while with the main portion of his army he retired to Corinth. On April 7, 1862, the Island was surrendered to General Pope, with 7,278 troops including Generals McCall, Walker and Ganth, 128 guns and mortars, besides 10,000 stand of arms, a floating battery, several steamboats and a large quantity of ammunition and stores. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

10. Battle of Spottsylvania Court House. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE, VA., May 8, 1864. - The battles of the Wilderness actually extended from May 5 to June 1, 1864, and the struggle for supremacy between General Grant, with 130,000 men of whom 100,000 were effective and General Lee with 60,000 men, was stubbornly contested, and out of the struggle came the historic words of Grant, ""I will fight out it on this line if it takes all Summer."" The Battle of the Wilderness was really fought on June 5th and 6th, and the engagements thereafter took the names of the locations. In the first battle both armies had become thoroughly exhausted, and sought needed rest on the 7th. General Grant had some advantage, and followed it up on the evening of the 7th advancing the Cavalry and Warren's Fifth corps towards Spottsylvania Court House. This movement was anticipated by General Lee, who withdrew his entire army, and had it entrenched behind breastworks at the Court House, on the evening of the 7th. In the Federal advance the Cavalry were repulsed, and Warren's corps came to their relief, and stubbornly fought their way until evening, when they had gained a favorable position in front of Longstreet's line. They were then reinforced by the Sixth corps, and made an unsuccessful assault on Longstreet, but were driven back and rested for the night and the next day. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

11. Grant Crossing Mayfield Bridge. Henry Lovie.

GENERAL GRANT AND HIS BODY-GUARD Crossing Mayfield Bridge in a reconoissance in force towards Columbus, Ky., to prevent the Confederates sending troops from that place to reinforce General Sterling Price, then advancing into Missouri. His short but energetic campaign had already attracted attention. September 1, 1861, he had been made a brigadier-general, and placed in command of the district of S. E. Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo. He seized Paduca on September 6th and thus saved Kentucky to the Union. In November he made a demonstration on Belmont and spent December and January (1862) in urging the War Department to join the land and naval forces in an expedition against Fort Henry. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

12. A Reconnoissance. Edwin Forbes.

A RECONNOISSANCE by the Federal Cavalry in the neighborhood of Fairfax Court House, Va., previous to the first battle of Bull Run or Manassas. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

13. Gallant Charge of Custer's Cavalry. Edwin Forbes.

GALLANT CHARGE OF CUSTER'S CAVALRY In which they captured the guns of the Confederate forces under General J. E. B. Stuart near Culpepper, Va., September 14, 1863. The cavalry fight of this date lasted for four hours. The first second and third divisions of the Federal cavalry corps under command of General Kilpatrick, met the forces of Generals Lomas and Beale, composed of cavalry and artillery, with J. E. B. Stuart, the celebrated cavalry leader at their head. The losses were small on either side and the position was held by the Federal forces. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

14. Battle of Pittsburg Landing. Henry Lovie.

BATTLE OF PITTSBURGH LANDING (SHILOH), Sunday, April 6, 1862. - General Grant with 32,000 men arrived at Pittsburgh Landing, April 1st, and had ordered General Buell to leave Nashville, and join him. While awaiting the arrival of Buell, General Albert S. Johnston with 45,000 Confederate troops made battle on the morning of the 6th, and forced Grant back to the river. The desperate defense made by General McClernand's division composed of the 11th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 45th, 48th and 49th Illinois, the 8th Indiana and the 11th lowa, regiments, as they stood up before the terrible onslaught of Johnston and Beauregard, until the arrival of Buell in the afternoon, when the assault was repulsed is the subject of the sketch by Henry Lovie.

15. Gen. Rousseau Recapturing his Artillery. Henry Lovie.

GENERAL ROUSSEAU RECAPTURING HIS ARTILLERY At the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, Monday, April 7,1892. On Sunday evening, April 6th, the Confederates lost their leader, General A. S. Johnston, who was mortally wounded and General Beauregard assumed command. On the morning of the 7th General Grant having received reinforcements from General Buell, which made his force equal to that of the Confederates, and support from the gunboats in the river, opened the battle with a heavy artillery fire, followed with a general assault which was resisted until the middle of the afternoon, when he recaptured his lines and cannon lost the previous day, and before dark drove the Confederates to hasty retreat. The Federal losses were 1,700 killed, 7,495 wounded, 3,022 prisoners, and the Confederates loss, 1,728 killed. 8,012 wounded and 959 missing. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

16. Interior of Turret of Ironclad. W. T. Crane.

INTERIOR OF THE TURRET OF THE UNITED STATES IRONCLAD MONITOR, ""MONTAUK."" Commander John L. Worden which was employed in Charleston Harbor with similar ironclads in an attack on Fort Sumter, April 7, 1863, in which the fort was scarcely harmed, while the destruction on the ironclads was very great, and one of the number, the ""Weehawken,"" being lost. The fleet was enabled to deliver but 139 shot, while the fort directed against the ironclads 515 effective shot. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

17. Battle of Dranesville. Henry Lovie.

BATTLE OF DRANESVILLE, VA., FRIDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 20, 1861 - This engagement was planned by General McCall, commanding a division of the Army of the Potomac, in order to prevent the Confederate forces making inroads into Maryland. The troops engaged were the First Pennsylvania (Kam Rifles) known as the ""Bucktails,"" the Sixth, Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth Regiments Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, the First Pennsylvania Artillery (Eastern Battery), and the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, Colonel Bayard. -The brigade was commanded by General Ord. The Confederate forces engaged were commanded by Gen J. E. B. Stuart. The battle lasted one hour. The Federals lost 7 killed, 63 wounded and 3 prisoners. The Confederates, 90 killed, 10 wounded and 8 prisoners. This was the first important success achieved by the Army of the Potomac, and was the occasion of a special congratulating letter from Secretary Cameron. - From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

18. Invasion of the Northern States. General Lee's Army Crossing the Potomac. George Law.

INVASION OF THE NORTHERN STATES. GENERAL LEE'S ARMY CROSSING THE POTOMAC JUNE 11, 1863. - The defeat of Burnside at Fredericksburg and of Hooker at Chancellorsville had placed Lee in control of the Virginia Valley with an open road into Pennsylvania. Hooker was at Centreville protecting Washington, and Lee sought to draw him into an engagement that would divert the Federal Army from the defence of the National Capitol to resist the invasion of the Northern States. This purpose was not successful, and the slow progress of Lee's army down the valley was not seriously opposed, and the Confederate Cavalry crossed the Potomac on June 11th, followed by the main army of 100,000 men in orderly and well chosen marches that occupied ten to twelve days. The movement led to the resignation of General Hooker, the appointment of General Meade and the battle of Gettysburg. - From a sketch by George Law

19. Battle of Gettysburg, Thursday Evening, July 2d. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, PA., THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 2, 1863. - General Lee had succeeded in crossing the Potomac, and with an army 100,000 strong was living upon the country invaded. President Lincoln called upon the nearest States for 100,000 militia for six months' service. Before any of the militia could be brought up the battle of Gettysburg had been fought, and the danger was over. General Lee was to the North of Meade's Army, and cut off from supplies or reinforcements from Virginia, with a hostile country in front. He saw that to move farther to the North would be fatal, with the Federal Army on his flank and rear. He, therefore, ordered the whole army to concentrate and move against the oncoming Federal forces. - Our sketch represents the second day's fight, in which Sickles' corps played so conspicuous a part, holding Meade's extreme left. This corps lost 6,000 of the 10,000 that was the Federal loss of the second day. The Confederate loss was about the same, and the advantage at night appeared to be with neither army. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

20. Battle of Dam No. 4, Potomac River. J. H. Schell.

BATTLE AT DAM NO. 4, POTOMAC RIVER. - In the progress of General Lee’s army across the Potomac in June, 1868, but little active, opposition was offered, except by separate brigades or isolated cavalry skirmishers. The artist has made a vivid picture of a stand taken near Dam No. 4 by Gen. Daniel Butterfield's brigade, where they held in check for some hours the advance of the Confederate Army and greatly harassed them. The Confederates collected their forces, however, and drove the Federal Army from the heights, they retreating in good order, taking their guns with them and suffering but little loss. Their shells did considerable damage in the ranks of the Confederates. - From a aketch by F. D. Schell.

21. Battle of Petersburg. E. F. Mullen.

BATTLE OF PETERSBURG. VA., JUNE 16, 1864. - Eighteenth Corps carrying a portion of Beauregard's line. General Beauregard had hastened down from Richmond and withdrawn 8,000 men from Bermuda Hundred to Petersburg on finding that the Federal forces had full possession of all the defensive works. The Eighteenth Corps, General Smith, furiously assaulted his line on the afternoon of the 16th, the Confederates finally giving way. During a temporary absence General Beauregard learned of the breaking of his line, and he hastened to reinstate it. Just then Gracies's brigade, the last of the reinforcements from Bermuda Hundred, came up to his aid and regained their abandoned line just as night came on. They, however, withdrew under the fire of the Eighteenth Corps to a shorter inner line, and this they hastily intrenched and formed in one night's work the beginning of those great works which held in check the Federal Army before Petersburg until its final occupation, April, 1865. - From a sketch by E. F. Mullen.

22. Battlefield of Second Bull Run. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLEFIELD OF SECOND BULL RUN, MANASSAS JUNCTION, VA., as it appeared in August, 1863, one year after the battle. - The series of battles fought August 28th, 29th and 30th, 1862, between the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Gen. Robert E. Lee, and the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Gen. John Pope, was on the old battleground of First Bull Run, July 21, 1861. The fight of the 28th and 29th, known as the Battle of Groveton, and of the 30th, known as the Second Battle of Bull Run, resulted in a total rout of the Federal forces, who retreated behind Centreville to protect the Federal Capitol. The loss to the Federal troops was upwards of 14,800 and of the Confederates fully 10,700. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

23. Advance of McClellan's Army from Big Bethel. E. S. Hall.

ADVANCE OF McCLELLAN'S ARMY PROM BIG BETHEL TO YORKTOWN, APRIL 8, 1862. - The failure of the Federal Army to gain an approach to Richmond by way of Manassas Junction determined General McClellan to transfer the Army of the Potomac to the Peninsula, landing the advance at Newport News, and taking the road of the country by way of Big Bethel and Norwich, C. H., to the rear, to co-operate with Flag Officer Goldsborough's fleet on the York River in the capture of Yorktown, and making that place the base Of operations for the attack on Richmond. - From a sketch by E L S. Hall.

24. Scene During the Battle of Antietam. F. H. Schell.

BATTLE OF ANTIETAM SCENE DURING THE BOMBARDMENT, SEPTEMBER 17, 1862. - After the Second Battle of Bull Run the army of General Lee remained in the neighborhood of the battlefield until September 5th and 6th, when they crossed the Potomac at Leesburg and occupied Frederick and the surrounding country. General McClellan had taken command of the army of defeated General Pope and hastened to meet Lee on Maryland soil, following him towards the North. On the morning of the 17th the real battle was begun and lasted all day. The following morning the Confederates asked for an armistice to bury their dead, and under cover of these operations General Lee withdrew his army to the right back of the Potomac. McClellan had an army of 87,164, and Lee's forces were between 50.000 and 70,000 strong. The Federal loss was 2,100 killed. 9,416 wounded and 1,043 missing. The loss of the Confederate Army is placed at 9,000 killed and 12,000 wounded and prisoners. As the battle was fought near the village of Sharpsburg, the inhabitants were in great personal danger, as shown in the sketch by F. H. Schell.

25. Charge of the First Iowa Regiment at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, Mo. J. F. Hillen.

BATTLE OF WILSON'S CREEK, MO. CHARGE OF THE FIRST IOWA REGIMENT, AUGUST 10, 1861. - Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, with an army of 5,200 men, forced the battle against a Confederate force four times larger than his own under General McCullough. This engagement was one of the most desperate of the entire Civil War, and General Lyon was three times wounded when he was assisted to another horse, and, riding at the head of the First Iowa Regiment, he led them to the charge and received a fatal shot from a Minnie ball through the heart. The Federal loss was 223 killed, 721 wounded and 291 missing. The Confederates lost 421 killed, 1,800 wounded and gained the victory. - From a sketch by F. B. Wilkie.

26. Advance of General Banks' Division into Western Maryland. Henry Lovie.

ADVANCE OF GENERAL BANKS' DIVISION INTO WESTERN MARYLAND, OCTOBER, 1861. - While the two main armies of Virginia were each watching the movements of the other through their advanced pickets at Fairfax Court House, General Banks, who had superseded General Patterson after the Battle of Bull Run, had been pushing his outposts from Harper's Ferry up the valley into Western Maryland. This movement was made necessary in order to protect the country from the raids made by the Confederate Army to procure supplies, they having already consumed everything in the vicinity of Centreville and Manassas. This movement resulted in the disastrous Battle of Balls Bluff. Our sketch is made as General Thomas' brigade is passing in review before General Banks and his staff.

27. Battle of Chancellorsville, Va. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE, SATURDAY, MAY 2, 1863. - Gen. Joseph Hooker had been placed in command of the Army of the Potomac in January, 1868. He had rested and recruited the troops, and in April had an effective army of 132,000 men. The Confederate forces, inspired by their recent successes, were encamped on the opposite bank of the Rappahannock, their line extending from Port Royal to a point about two miles above Fredericksburg, with two lines of retreat, one to Richmond and one to Gordonsville. General Lee had about 60,000 effective men. On the evening of the 30th of April General Hooker had advanced his entire army across the river, and established his headquarters at Chancellorsville. On the 2d of April Gen. ""Stonewall"" Jackson had gained the advantage, routed Howard's Corps, and was coming down upon the right flank of the main line, when General Pleasanton ordered a cavalry charge into the woods, threw into position all the artillery within reach, loaded the guns with grape and canister. depressed them so as to make the shot strike half way between the Federal line and the woods, from which the Confederates were ready to emerge, and they met the storm of iron and were effectually checked. It was at this time that General Jackson fell, and before the Confederates could maneuver for a new position night put an end to the conflict. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

28. United States Naval Brigade Constructing Marine Battery. J. F. Hillen.

THE UNITED STATES NAVAL BRIGADE CONSTRUCTING THE MARINE BATTERY ON SHUTTER'S HILL, VA. - The disorganization of the Federal Army after its defeat at Bull Run in July, 1861, made it necessary to surround Washington with defensive works of great strength. When General Mansfield occupied Alexandria he had taken possession of the heights back of the town, and constructed forts to protect the Long Bridge and Acqueduct Bridge. The Naval Brigade co-operated with the army and planted the Marine battery on Shutter's Hill, so as to guard Alexandria and at the same time command the Fairfax road. This formed but one of a chain of fortifications extending on the Virginia heights opposite Washington, from Fort Corcoran to Fort Albany. - From a sketch by J. E. Hillen.

29. Battle of the Wilderness. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 10, 1864 . - On the morning of the 10th, Hancock, who held the right of Grant's line, and who was waiting for the enemy to attack and had during the previous day fortified his position, was ordered to withdraw two divisions from the south side of the Potomac River to assist in an assault upon the enemy on Warren's front. Gibbon's and Birney's divisions were withdrawn, leaving Barlow's division on the other side of the river. As the Fifth Corps, even with the help of Hancocks two divisions, could not make an impression against Lee's line, Barlow came to their aid, but the day resulted in disaster, and both corps were repulsed with heavy sacrifice. The Sixth Corps was, however, more successful, and captured 900 prisoners and several guns; but being unsupported, General Upton, whose brigade led the assault, left the captured-guns and retired in good order. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

30. Surrender of General Johnston's Army. J. Becker.

SURRENDER OF GENERAL JOHNSTON'S ARMY. - Scenes of the negotiations between Generals Sherman and Johnston, April 18, 1865. - General Kilpatrick, with Gen. Wade Hampton and staff, discussing the campaign. - James E. Taylor, the artist who accompanied, as a soldier, General Sherman's army in its march through Georgia to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas until they met and received the capitulation of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and his army near Charlotte, N. C., was prevented by strict orders from General Sherman from making a sketch of the interior of the house of James Bennett, where the meeting took place, and had to content himself with the sketch, as here presented, taken while the two commanders were in conference. No sketch of that scene was ever made at the time .- From a sketch by James E. Taylor.

31. Shelling of Petersburg. A. McCallum.

SHELLING OF PETERSBURG, VA. - The Ninth Army Corps played a conspicuous part in the siege and final capture of Petersburg, Va., and our artist has presented a beautiful picture of an incident of that siege, taken from the heights occupied by the Thirty-fourth New York and the Seventh Maine Batteries of Light Artillery belonging to Wilcox's third division, when engaged in shelling the City of Petersburg over the heads of the army engaged in skirmishing with the invested army. - From a sketch by A. McCallum.

32. A Characteristic Army Scene. Edwin Forbes.

A CHARACTERISTIC ARMY SCENE. - Mr. Edwin Forbes did not confine his war sketches to battle scenes, but in the picture before us gives an every-day scene in army life in an outdoor blacksmith shop.

33. Battle of Baker's Creek or Champion Hills, Miss. Henry Lovie.

BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS, MISS., MAY 16, 1863. Also known as the Battle of Baker's Creek and Edward's Station. - This engagement was between a portion of the Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Maj.-Gen. U. S Grant, and the Army of Mississipi and East Tennessee, commanded by Lieut.-Gen. John C. Pemberton. The scene of the sketch represents the defeat of the Confederate forces opposed to an advance made bv the First Brigade, 12th Division, 13th Army Corps, made up of the 11th, 24th, 34th and 46th Indiana and the 29th Wisconsin regiments, commanded by General McGinnis. The battle lasted for 6 1/2 hours, and was mainly fought on the side of the Federal forces by Hovey's division of McClernand's corps and Logan's division of McPherson's corps. The Confederates had a force of 25,000 troops, and lost in killed and wounded about 3,000, with 2,000 prisoners and 20 guns. The Federal troops lost 426 killed, 1,842 wounded and 189 missing. The Confederates were forced to retire to the Big Black River. From a sketch by F. B. Schell.

34. Federal Volunteers Crossing the Ohio River at Cincinnati. Henry Lovie.

DEFENDING KENTUCKY FROM THE INVASION OF GEN. E. KIRBY SMITH. - Volunteers crossing from Cincinnati, 0., to Covington, Ky., on a bridge hastily constructed of coal boats to reinforce the Federal Army occupying the State. In 1862 Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith was placed in command of the department of East Tennessee, Kentucky, North Georgia and Western North Carolina. When Gen. Braxton Bragg determined to invade Kentucky and menace the Northern States bordering on the Ohio River, General Smith led the advance, and his threat of invasion found the Federal Army in Kentucky unequal to the task of repelling his army, and volunteers were hastily called for. The sketch of our artist shows the character and determination of these volunteers. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

35. Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF CEDAR MOUNTAIN, VA., AUGUST 9, 1862 - The First and Third Brigades of the First Division, Second Army Corps, driving the forces of ""Stonewall"" Jackson from the woods. Gen. John Pope had assumed command of the Army of Virginia, with ""headquarters in the saddle,"" and at once directed the corps and division commanders to prepare to drive the forces of the enemy at every point. Generals Gordon and Crawford, with the First and Third Brigades of Williams' division, Banks' corps, had charged into the woods (the favorite cover of ""Stonewall"" Jackson in accepting battle), and our artist has caught with his pencil the successful charge. The general result of the battle was disastrous to the Federal forces, as they were greatly outnumbered, and lost nearly 2,000 in killed, wounded and prisoners, together with a large quantity of munitions of war. The Confederate forces lost about 1,300 in killed and wounded. The battle lasted two hours. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

36. General Grant's Headquarters, near Vicksburg. Henry Lovie.

GENERAL GRANT'S HEADQUARTERS ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE VICKSBURG. - Our artist has in this sketch preserved an incident of the campaign of General Grant, who immediately after the battle of Corinth had set about the capture of Vicksburg. On March 29, 1863, with 50,000 men, he arrived at Young's Point, opposite the mouth of the Yazoo, above Vicksburg. His ""second plan"" to cut a canal across the peninsula, opposite the city, had been formed at Washington and put into operation. The high water broke the levees, drowned out the camps and flooded the country, and after two months of laborious effort General Grant reported the plan impracticable, and then, after being unsuccessful in turning the current of the river (his third plan), he determined on the finally successful one of running the batteries, and thus placing the army below the city. - From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

37 . Battle of Mumfordsville, Ky. Henry Lovie.

BATTLE OF MUMFORDSVILLE, KY., SEPTEMBER 14, 1862. - The Confederate Army, under General Bragg, had entered the State of Kentucky, August 21, 1862, determined to occupy the line of the Ohio. On the 13th of September his advance column demanded the surrender of Mumfordsville. The Federal force stationed there for the protection of the bridge was under the command of Colonel Wilder, and consisted of about 3,000 men and four guns. They were fortified and had constructed an abatis to protect the fort against assault. General Duncan, the commander of the advance of Braggs' army, made battle, and on the 14th (Sunday) succeeded in charging through the abatis. It is at this moment that Mr. Lovie made his historic sketch and saved to history a picture of actual war. After a siege of three days, in which time the Federal forces were somewhat reinforced, and after actual battle of seven hours, the Federal forces surrendered 3,566 men and 10 guns, having lost 28 men killed and 20 wounded. The Confederate loss was about 714 in killed and wounded. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

38. Confederate Army Crossing the Savannah River. W. T. Crane.

THE SIEGE OF ATLANTA. GA. Confederate attack on General Logan's corps, July 28,1864 - The Army of the Tennessee, now commanded by General Logan, began a movement on July 27th to strike the main road and cut off Atlanta from the South. General Hood sent Stewart to reinforce Lee's corps and intercept the movement, and the battle raged at Ezra Church the entire afternoon. The Confederates failed to dislodge the Federals from their position and retired. The Federal loss was about 572 killed and wounded. From a sketch by C. E. F. Hillen. CONFEDERATE ARMY EVACUATING SAVANNAH, GA., upon the arrival of General Sherman, December 21, 1864. - The great ""March to the Sea"" had been accomplished by Sherman's army, and the almost uninterrupted progress of the victorious soldiers was not broken on their drawing near the city of Savannah by the opposition of the Confederate army of occupation, as they quietly and orderly withdrew, crossing the river on a pontoon bridge and making their way through Carolina to join the army in Virginia, but closely followed by Sherman. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

39. Skirmish at Salem, Mo. Henry Lovie.

SKIRMISH AT SALEM, MO., DECEMBER 6, 1861. - This place had been for some time occupied by a detachment of Federal troops under Major Bowen, who held it as the key to one of the probable routes of the Confederate forces in their march towards St. Louis. A considerable Confederate force, under Colonel Freeman, who was in advance of Gen. Jeff Thompson's army, made a vigorous effort to capture the place, but was repulsed with considerable loss. This prevented the reinforcement of General Price's army, which was operating in Southern Missouri and had been defeated in western portion of the State. General Pope held the north securely by his small but active force, and the Confederate forces, unable to concentrate their armies, were powerless to advance. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

40. General Banks' Division Recrossing the Potomac. Edwin Forbes.

GENERAL BANKS' DIVISION RECROSSING THE POTOMAC from Williamsport, Md., to attack ""Stonewall"" Jackson May 26, 1862 - The Federal forces in Northern Virginia were widely scattered, and invited attack from ""Stonewall"" Jackson as a counter-movement to McClellan's projected Peninsular campaign against Richmond. General Banks had 6,000 men at Strasburg. Fremont was 70 miles to the southwest at Franklin, and McDowell was near Fredericksburg, ready to march towards Richmond and co-operate with McClellan. Jackson had concentrated his command at Harrisburg nearer to either of these bodies than they were to each other. Banks, the nearest and weakest, interposed only by Colonel Kenly with 1,400 men at Front Royal, was made the object of Jackson's attack, who on the 23d quickly swept away Kenly's force and pushed towards Winchester, in order to gain the rear of Banks and prevent his retreat down the valley. A race between the two armies then took place for the possession of Winchester. Banks reached the place only to be driven out by Jackson, and he retreated towards Martinsburg and then pushed for the Potomac, which he crossed on the 25th at Williamsport and established himself on the Maryland shore. After gathering together his defeated army he determined to recross and attack Jackson, who had, however, prepared himself to retire rather than endanger his army, now likely to be cut off by Fremont and McDowell. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

41. Battle of Bentonville, N. C. Joseph Becker.

BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE, N. C., MARCH 20, 1865. - This was the last orderly battle of the Civil War, and was shortly followed by the surrender of the army of General Johnston to General Sherman. Johnston had concentrated his forces of 40,000 men at Smithfield, N. C., after the battle of Averysboro (March 16, 1865), and the army of General Sherman was on its way to Goldsboro, not expecting any further resistance. Johnston slipped out of Smithfield at night and suddenly fell upon the left wing, commanded by General Slocum, who was at first driven back, but hastily throwing up rifle-pits, assumed the defensive, supported by Kilpatrick's cavalry. Six attacks were made by Johnston, who failed to dislodge the veterans of Slocum. The next morning the right wing under General Howard had arrived and found Johnston strongly entrenched. An attempt to cut off Johnston's retreat was unsuccessful, and Johnston's army escaped towards Raleigh, via Smithfield. The Federal loss was 1,600 killed and wounded. The Confederates left 267 dead on the field and 1,600 prisoners. The artist sketched the battle just as General Mower's division of the 17th Corps turned the Confederates' left. - From a sketch by Joseph Becker.

42. Morning Detail, Hilton Head, S. C. W. T. Crane.

MORNING DETAIL. - The Fourth New Hampshire Volunteers going to their work in the fortifications at Hilton Head, S. C., Charleston, S. C., and Savannah, Ga., were at the commencement of the Civil War strong Confederate ports, and their blockade was of prime concern to the Federal Government. After General Butler's successful occupation of the North Carolina coast the Government decided on Hilton Head and Port Royal Harbor as the most desirable points on the South Carolina coast to establish a foothold. To this end an expedition under the joint comman d of General Sherman and Commodore Dupont sailed from Fortress Monroe on October 29,1861, and after slight resistance from the two forts and a land force under General Drayton, took possession of Port Royal Harbor and established an important center of naval operations. - The. sketch made by the artist is one of the incidents of life at Hilton Head shortly after its occupation. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

43. Howlett's Confederate Battery Shelling Dutch Gap Canal. A. McCallum.

HOWLETT'S CONFEDERATE BATTERY SHELLING THE FEDERAL IRONCLADS ON THE JAMES RIVER. VA. - The James River above Bermuda Hundred makes a double bend, first to the west, then south, thence east, and after a curve of six miles returns to within less than half a mile of its starting point. This tortuous bend was commanded by Confederate batteries, which barred the farther ascent of the river. General Butler, in command of the Army of the James, engaged in digging a canal through the narrow isthmus, by which gunboats could ascend the river and possibly force a passage to Richmond. The work was done largely by colored troops protected by the Federal gunboats. The artist makes his sketch from the position of the Confederate battery. From a sketch by A. McCallum.

44. General Fremont's Army on Its March, 1861. Henry Lovie.

GENERAL FREMONT’S ARMY ON ITS MARCH FROM TIPTON TO WARSAW, OCTOBER 15th , 1861. GENERAL FREMONT'S ARMY FORDING THE OSAGE RIVER AT WARSAW, MO., OCTOBER 18, 1861. - The defeat of the Federal forces under Colonel Mulligan at Lexington alarmed Fremont, and he hastened to Jefferson City to prepare to attack Price, who had retired to Springfield to bring himself in easy communication with Arkansas and at the same time tempt Fremont from his source of supplies. In the march of Fremont's army they took a route on the north of the Osage River to Tipton, and thence to Warsaw, the first available ford, and crossing the river here, they made Springfield on October 27, 1861. Our artist has sketched the army on its march from Tipton to Warsaw, and again as the troops are fording the river. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

45. Charge of the Ninth Army Corps. A. McCallum.

THE NINTH ARMY CORPS charging into the crater at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. - Assault of General James H. Ledlie's brigade after the explosion of the mine. The assaulting party was chosen by lot from the colored troops of the Ninth corps and fell upon Ledlie. His men dashed over the lip of the crater immediately upon the lifting of the smoke from the explosion and plunged wildly into its depths, then found to be a yawning chasm, 185 feet long, 97 feet wide, and 80 feet deep. The explosion had buried the Confederate batteries and separated the troops on either side of the crater, where they reorganized, as brigade after brigade followed into the crater, crowded in disorganized mass. A hand-to-hand fight ensued, when a cross fire from the Confederate batteries effectually emptied the crater; only 80 men and three stands of color were captured. General Meade reported 4,400 killed, wounded, and missing. General Beauregard gives the Confederate loss as 1,172. From a sketch by A. McCallum.

46. Railroad Battery on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad. A. Berghaus.

A RAILROAD BATTERY ON THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD, built to protect the workmen while rebuilding the burned bridges fired by the Southern sympathizers to prevent the passage of troops to the defense of Washington. The opposition to the invasion of the Slave States by the Federal Army was so decided at the outbreak of the Civil War that the bridges were all destroyed between Washington and Baltimore, and even above that city. The first troops reached Washington by way of Annapolis and a forced march across the country. After the occupation of Baltimore, Md., by General Butler, the railroads were hastily rejoined, and the artist shows one of the devices to protect the workmen. From a sketch by A. Berghaus.

47. Charge of Fremont's Bodyguard. Henry Lovie.

CHARGE OF FREMONT'S BODY GUARD UNDER MAJOR ZAGONYI NEAR SPRINGFIELD, MO., OCTOBER 25, 1861. - In the march of Fremont's army into Southwestern Missouri he had divided it into five divisions, commanded by Generals Hunter, Pope, Sigel, Asboth and McKinstry, who were directed to press closely upon Price's retreat. Sigel was sent forward and met the Confederates near Springfield, where he made his two ever-memorable charges, leading his men in the face of a murderous fire and driving the enemy through the town. Just at this crisis Fremont was succeeded by Hunter, Springfield was abandoned, and Price recovered the ground gained by Fremont. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

48. General Negley's Brigade Embarked for the Seat of War. Henry Lovie.

PASSAGE DOWN THE OHIO RIVER OF GENERAL NEGLEY'S BRIGADE. - At the outbreak of the Civil War Gen. James S. Negley, who had served throughout the war with Mexico, raised a brigade of three months' volunteers, the 77th, 78th and 79th Pennsylvania Regiments, under Colonels Hamlight, Stambargh and Sewall, and in April, 1861, transported his brigade on six steamers down the Ohio River to join the Army of the Ohio, where be did good service in protecting the State of Kentucky from invasion. At the battle of Lavergne, October 7, 1862, he greatly distinguished himself, his command defeating the Confederates under Anderson and Forrest. The next month he was made a major-general for gallantry at Stone River. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

49. Dutch Gap Canal, James River, Blowing Out the Bulkhead. James E. Taylor.

BLOWING OUT THE BULKHEAD OF THE DUTCH GAP CANAL, JAMES RIVER, VA. - Farrar's Island in the James, River was in January, 1865, a peninsula formed by the circuitous course of the river, and was the scene of the explosion, as illustrated by the artist in the above sketch. The canal, planned by General Butler and executed under Major P. S. Michie, was commenced August 15, 1864, and finished January 1, 1865. Its purpose was not only to shorten the navigation of the river some seven miles, but to avoid the Confederate batteries planted at Howlett's House in the curve of the river. The final work was the blowing out of the clay bulkheads by powder, but the substance fell back and obstructed the passage. The canal was of no practical service during the war, but has since been put to use in navigating the river. From a sketch by J. E. Taylor.

50. The Pursuit of General Lee's Army Through Frederick City, Md., September 12, 1862. Edwin Forbes.

GENERAL McCLELLAN AND HIS ARMY PASSING THROUGH FREDERICK CITY, MD., in pursuit of the Confederate Army, September 12, 1862. - The Confederate Army under General Lee had crossed the Potomac, near Leesburg, on the 4th, 5th and 6th of September, 1862, and had occupied Frederick and the surrounding country along the Minococey. General McClellan threw a part of his army between the enemy and the fords of the Potomac, and thus forced Lee to evacuate Frederick City on the 12th and march towards Hagerstown. General McClellan, in person, followed the retreating army, and our artist has given us an evidence of the enthusiastic reception given to the Federal commander as he marched through the street of the town at the head of his troops. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

51. Gen. A. P. Banks With His Army Crossing Cane River, La., March 31, 1864. C. E. H. Bonwill.

GENERAL BANKS' ARMY IN THE ADVANCE ON SHREVEPORT, LA., CROSSING CANE RIVER, MARCH 81, 1804. - This incident in the Red River campaign illustrates the strategy and care exercised in a march through the enemies' country surrounded by dangers seen and unseen. By a skillful maneuver the commanding general was able to throw his entire army across the Cane River, and thus elude the pursuit of the enemy, unsupplied with pontoon bridges to follow, and protected by the gunboats of Porter's fleet, to take up the march towards Shreveport. The subsequent disasters of the campaign and its final abandonment are matters of history. From a sketch by C. E. H. Bonwill.

52. Naval Practice Battery, Washington, D. C. W. E. Crane.

THE NAVAL PRACTICE BATTERY AT THE UNITED STATES NAVY YARD WASHINGTON, D. C. - Of all the arms in the service employed in the Civil War, it is probable that none took a more conspicuous part than the battery, especially when directed from the deck of gunboats against other boats or against forts. At Belmont the gunboats saved Grant's army from defeat. At Pittsburg Landing the presence of gunboats rendered the only help that made defeat less disastrous. In all the campaigns of the Western rivers a gunboat was worth more than a regiment of men. The practice given at the Navy Yard at Washington schooled gunners for this service, and sent out men trained to do deadly execution with shot and shell. From a sketch by W. B. Crane.

53. Capture of Forts Hatteras and Clark, N. C. W. E. Crane.

GENERAL VIEW OF PORTS HATTERAS AND CLARK WHEN CAPTURED, AUGUST 29, 1861, by the united military and naval forces under Gen. B. F. Butler and Commodore Strigham. - After a heavy bombardment, lasting from 9 A M until night, Fort Clark was evacuated; the flag of Fort Hatteras was also hauled down. In the morning the assault on Fort Hatteras was resumed and soon a white flag was displayed, and Commander Barron offered to surrender conditionally. General Butler demanded unconditional surrender, which terms were finally accepted. The importance of Hatteras inlet to the Government was very great at this time. From a sketch by W. E. Crane.

54. Battles at Cedar Creek and Middletown,. Va., October 19, 1864. James E. Taylor.

BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK, VA., OCTOBER 19, 1864. - The Confederate Army under General Early driving back the Sixth, Eighth and Nineteenth Federal Army Corps, under General Wright, on the morning of October 19, 1864 - From point to point they were driven back before the furious rush of Kershaw in front, while Gordon and Ramsear poured in a fire on their left flank. The camps of the Eighth and Nineteenth corps were in possession of the Confederates and what remained of the corps were pushed back on the Sixth, which alone maintained the fight. This also finally fell back and all retreated for three miles, where General Wright began at nine o'clock to form his broken lines. They were beaten, but not routed. From a sketch by J. E. Taylor. BATTLE OF MIDDLETOWN, VA., OCTOBER 19, 1864.-After the defeat of the morning and while the fugitives were still fleeing, they met Sheridan on his historic black steed riding from Winchester to the scene of real conflict. His presence restored order, and the Sixth Corps, not yet wholly panic stricken as were the others, with Getty far in the front still confronting the enemy, momentarily expecting an attack. The other divisions of Wright and Emery were brought forward. At four o'clock the order came from Sheridan to advance. The whole Federal force rushed forward and swept the Confederates before them, and so utterly destroyed was Early's army that there was nothing left worth pursuing. From a sketch by J. E. Taylor.

55. Bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. William Waud.

BOMBARDMENT OF FORTS JACKSON AND ST. PHILLIP BY THE FEDERAL MORTAR SCHOONERS. The First Division of the squadron preparing for action, April 20, 1862. - Our artist, William Wand, occupied a position at the masthead of the United States Steamer Mississippi, and preserves to history this correct representation of the procession of vessels as they prepared to run the gauntlet of the two formidable forts built to protect the river and the city of New Orleans on the extreme left may be seen the Confederate steamers stationed above the forts and around the bend of the river, next the smoke from the fire rafts, as they are floating down with the tide to destroy the attacking fleet. Then the outlines of Fort Jackson and below it Fort St. Phillip, with the Confederate flag floating from its flagstaff. The mortar schooners, with their masts disguised with cedar bushes, are close in shore near the fort, while others on the opposite bank are firing shell from the distance into the forts. The procession of Federal vessels nearest the shore is led by the Kineo, followed by the Harriet Lane (Porter's flagship), Westfield and Mississippi, while in the center of the river the Hartford (Farragut's flagship) leads, followed by the Cayuga and Pensacola, with the Iroquois far in the advance engaging the forts, and the Oneida between the two lines.

56. Wheeler's Cavalry Capturing a Federal Supply Train. J. F. E. Hillen.

WHEELER'S CONFEDERATE CAVALRY ATTACKING A FEDERAL SUPPLY TRAIN, NEAR JASPER, TENN. - The Chattanooga campaign planned against Bragg's army, and which led to the battle of Chickamauga and final disaster to the Federal army, was precipitated by orders from Washington to General Rosecrans to advance and report daily to General Hallock at Washington. The movement of the main army was begun August 16, 1863. Two of Crittenden's columns crossed the Cumberland Mountains into the Sequatchie Valley, and while his supply train was following the route of the army they were attacked and captured by Wheeler's Cavalry, who were constantly hanging on the rear of the advancing army, and by dashing down out of some mountain retreat, capturing whole wagon trains. It was one of these attacks that our artist has pictured, and it tells its own story of one phase of army life. From a sketch by J. F. E. Hillen.

57. A Federal Foraging Party With Their Spoils. J. H. Schell.

RETURN OF A FORAGING PARTY WITH THEIR SPOILS TO BATON ROUGE, LA., with captured horses, carts, wagons, mules, provisions, contrabands, etc. When Farragut's fleet had passed the forts and advanced up the river, the Iroquois, under Commander Palmer, arrived off Baton Rouge, May 7, 1862, and demanded the surrender of the place, which, not being defended by any Confederate force, was speedily granted. On occupying the city the Federal troops, just released from a long sea voyage, found especial enjoyment in the foraging expeditions made out in the surrounding country. Our artist has made a spirited sketch of a returning party, which will be recognized by every veteran soldier. From a sketch by J. H. Schell.

58. Battle of Charles River Road, Va., June 30, 1862. William Waud.

BATTLE OF FRAZIER'S FARM OR CHARLES CITY ROAD, VA., MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1862. - On Sunday, June 29th, McClellan had fought the battle of Savages' Station. His line was on the morning of the 30th stretched eight miles long, from White Oak Swamp to Malvern Hill on the James. Protected by this line his artillery and trains were slowly retreating through the mud. General Lee's purpose was to make an attack in column on this long line, break through the center, hurl the left back upon ""Stonewall"" Jackson, and assault the right in the rear. To accomplish this strategic movement required his whole strength, about 80,000 men. The plan failed. Only about 18,000 men made the attack, and the grand and decisive battle planned by Lee resulted in a series of undecisive combats. The reports of the several generals on both sides differ greatly in their accounts of this battle, which closed with the darkness, and the Federal forces continued their retreat towards Malvern Hill. From a sketch by William Waud.

59. Embarking for the Seat of War. J. H. Schell.

RHODE ISLAND REGIMENTS EMBARKING AT PROVIDENCE FOR WASHINGTON, VIA NEW YORK. - Within five days after President Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops, the Rhode Island marine artillery, with 8 guns and 110 horses, passed through New York on their way to Washington, and the First Regiment of Infantry, 1,200 strong, under Col. Ambrose E. Burnside, was also ready to move. The young and patriotic Democratic Governor, William Sprague, had from his private purse armed and equipped the regiment, and the State appropriated half a million of dollars for equipping volunteers. The Governor, Lieutenant Governor and representatives of $30,000,000 of wealth made up this first volunteer regiment from Rhode Island, ready within five days to do effective service in the field. From a sketch by J. H. Schell.

60. Battle of Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864. Joseph Becker.

BATTLE OF REAM'S STATION, VA., AUGUST 25, 1864. - Desperate efforts of the Confederate forces to regain possession of the Weldon Railroad. On the 21st of August, 1864, Hancock had destroyed the railroad as far south as Ream's Station. On the 25th Gibbon's Division was to continue the destruction as far as Rowanty Creek. He had scarcely left his entrenchments at Ream's Station when he was attacked by a Confederate force under Generals A. P. Hill and Wade Hampton, Hancock withdrew Gibbon's Division within the entrenchments, placing it on the left of the First Division, commanded by General Miles, who checked three successive attacks. The Confederates then opened an artillery fire on the breastworks, and by an impetuous rush broke through Miles' line, and the command gave way in confusion, leaving the artillery in the hands of the enemy. Hancock ordered Gibbon's Division to retake the guns and lost position, but they failed, and Hancock, failing to receive reinforcements, withdrew, with a loss of 2,40O in killed, wounded and missing, out of a total command of only 8,000. From a sketch by Joseph Becker.

61. Battle of Carrick's Ford, Va., July 13, 1861 J. H. Schell.

BATTLE OF CARRICK'S FORD, VA., JULY 18, 1861. - General McClellan had assumed command of the Federal Army in Western Virginia, and had already gained decided advantages over the Confederate Army commanded by General Garnett. At Red Mountain Garnett had posted Colonel Pegram, with 8,000 men, while he occupied Laurel Hill with about 8,000. General McClellan ordered Morris to occupy Garnett's forces by direct attack, while he divided his force into two columns, one under Colonel Rosecrans to attack the rear of Pegram, while he remained in front ready to attack simultaneously. A Federal messenger captured by the Confederates disclosed the plan, and Garnett left his intrenchments, proceeded South where he met Pegram's army, and finding their retreat cut off were obliged to follow the course of the Cheet River to the Northwest. On a bluff at the bend of the river the Confederates made a stand, but were dislodged, and when Garnett attempted to make another stand, about a quarter of a mile further up, while rallying his men, he was mortally wounded by a minie ball, and Pegram surrendered to McClellan. From a sketch by J. H. Schell.

62. General Lee's Army Occupies Wrightsville, Pa., June 28, 1863. A. Berghaus.

OCCUPATION OF WRIGHTSVILLE, PA., BY GENERAL LEE'S ARMY and destruction of the Columbia Railroad bridge by the Federal forces, June 28,1863. - The line of march of the armies of Lee and Meade into Pennsylvania was nearly parallel to the mountains between them, and each commander knowing little of the movements of the other. Lee was considerably northward of Meade. Ewell, in advance, was as far as Carlisle, preparing to move upon Harrisburg. Longstreet and Hill held Chambersburg. Fearing being out off from his line of supply, Lee determined to fall back towards Gettysburg, not knowing that Meade had fixed upon the same place as a battlefield. In the movement from Chambersburg General Ewell's forces moved down the country, and on June 28, 1863, outposts of his army marched into Wrightsville, on the Susquehanna River, and the fleeing Federal guard in the place crossed the bridge, burning it after them to prevent pursuit. From a sketch by A. Berghaus.

63. Destruction of the Privateer ""Nashville,"" February 28, 1863. W. T. Crane.

DESTRUCTION OF THE PRIVATEER ""NASHVILLE"" BY THE FEDERAL IRONCLAD ""MONTAUK,"" Capt. J. R. Worden, in the Ogeechee River, Georgia, February 28, 1863. - In October, 1861, the Nashville, commanded by Lieutenant Pegram, escaped from Charleston. She went to Southampton, England, in January, 1862, blockaded by the United States Steamer Tuscarora. The British Government gave the privateer twenty-four hours' time before allowing the Tuscarora to follow. March 1, 1862, the Nashville brought to the Confederacy $8,000,000 worth of stores. Just one year after her arrival and after she had run the blockade at Beaufort, she was destroyed in the Ogeechee River, Georgia, by the United States ironclads, the Montauk, commanded by Captain Worden, leading the attack. She was at anchor under the guns of Fort McAllister, and, shortly after being attacked, she ran aground and her magazine exploded. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

64. Contrabands Coming Into the Federal Camp. Edwin Forbes.

CONTRABANDS COMING INTO THE FEDERAL CAMP IN VIRGINA. - The negroes of the South constituted one-eighth of the entire population. They universally looked upon the war as the means for their emancipation, and they were not surprised when their freedom was proclaimed. They waited, but did not strike one blow in their own behalf. When they came within, the Federal lines they became willing conscripts. About 175,000 negroes entered the United States service, the larger portion being employed in garrison duty. During the whole course of the Civil War not one case of servile insurrection occurred in the South. Mr. Forbes makes a characteristic sketch of these ""contrabands"" coming into the Federal camp in the plantation wagon, with an illy-matched team made up of horse, mule and ox. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

65. Capture of Fort De Russy, La. C. E. H. Bonwill.

CAPTURE OF FORT DE RUSSY, LA., MARCH 15, 1864. - A portion of Porter's fleet accompanied the transports down the Atchafalaya and covered the landing of troops at Simmesport. Dick Taylor's force retreated to Fort De Russy, followed by A. I. Smith's command, and the gunboats returned to the Red River. When the fleet approached the fort General Smith assaulted the works and captured the garrison of 250 men and 8 guns. He had marched 28 miles, spent two hours building a bridge, engaged the enemy for two hours, and captured the only fortified position held by the Confederate forces below Shreveport, all in one day. Two days afterwards the fleet reached Shreveport. From a sketch by C. E. H, Bonwill.

66. Recruiting in City Hall Park, New York. George Law.

RECRUITING IN THE NEW YORK CITY HALL PARK IN 1864. - The draft and its consequent riots and universal unpopularity had induced the local governments of cities, counties and states to offer generous bounties for volunteer soldiers, and a lively business sprung up and generous rivalry arose between different localities to secure desirable recruits. The legends on the sign boards above the recruiting offices show the liberal bounties offered and the especial bonus given to veteran soldiers to induce them to re-enlist. The brokers' part in this business is shown by the side sign. From a sketch by George Law.

67. Battle of Belmont, Mo. An Officer of Grant's Army.

BATTLE OF BELMONT, MO., OPPOSITE COLUMBUS, KY., NOVEMBER 7, 1861.- Federal forces commanded by Gen. U. S. Grant; Confederates, by Gen. Leonidas Polk. From a sketch by an officer of General Grant's Army engaged in the battle.

68. Battles before Petersburg, Va. Edwin Forbes.

THE BATTLE OF PETERSBURG, VA., JUNE 16, 1864. - Earthworks thrown up by the Confederate left and behind which they withstood the assaults of the 18th Army Corps, commanded by General Smith, until they were overwhelmed by superior numbers and driven from their position. The Ninth Corps, commanded by Ambrose E. Burnside, charging the Confederate position on the right of their line of defense. The engagement lasted three liours, and Egan’s brigade of Birney's division effected a lodgment. The contest continued in the night and then gradually slackened. From sketches by Edwin Forbes.

69. Federal Soldiers Escaping from Libby Prison. An Officer.

THE ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY COVERING THE ESCAPE OF FEDERAL PRISONERS FROM LIBBY PRISON, Richmond, Va., between October, 1863, and March, 1864. - There were at no time more than 7,000 effective troops, while fully 10,000 Federal prisoners were known to be confined in the military prisons. Several plans were formed to make a sudden dash upon the Confederate capital and release these prisoners. General Butler, on the 7th of February, 1864, sent a considerable body of cavalry from Yorktown towards Richmond. Tidings of the expedition preceded them, the roads were obstructed, and the plan failed. General Kilpatrick, with 4,000 cavalry, crossed the Rapidan, passed Spottsylvania C. H., and pushed towards Richmond. On March Ist he reached within four miles of the city, penetrated the two outer lines, rescued some fugitive prisoners fleeing from Libby prison, and concluding the enterprise not feasible, retreated to Yorktown. From a sketch by an officer.

70. Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, PA., JULY 8, 1863. - Desperate attack of the Confederate forces after gaining the hill and passing the cemetery gate. Confederate Generals Pickett, Kemper and Armistead had scaled the walls on Cemetery Hill, planted their standard upon the wall and charged through cemetery gate upon the Federal batteries. The advance of the Confederates was made with great impetuosity, and Armistead succeeded in capturing one of the Federal batteries, but Hancock, ordering forward two brigades, arrested further progress, when Stannard's forces, having rapidly changed front, advanced against Pickett's right flank and forced the Confederates to surrender. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

71. Construction of Mortar Batteries. Henry Lovie.

CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING MORTAR BATTERIES BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AT THE UPPER FERRY, ST. LOUIS, MO. - The importance of a navy on our Western rivers was early appreciated. A month after the capture of Fort Sumter Commander John Rodgers was summonned to Washington, and to him was assigned the duty of creating such a navy. In the early stages of the undertaking the War Department under Secretary Cameron assumed the expense and supervision, but in the autumn of 1861 the matter was transferred to the Navy Department. Nine iron-clad gunboats and thirty-eight mortar-boats were hastily constructed at St. Louis, and in February, 1862, were brought to take part in the capture of Forts Henry and Donaldson. From a sketch by H. Lovie.

72. McClellan Taking Personal Command of His Army. E. S. Hale.

ARRIVAL OF McCLELLAN TO TAKE PERSONAL COMMAND OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC IN ITS ADVANCE ON FRANKLIN, VA., APRIL 3, 1862. - The condition of the roads not being favorable to an advance of the army of the Potomac by way of Centerville and Manassas, the army was transferred to Fortress Monroe and began its march to Richmond by the way of Yorktown and West Point. General McClellan reached Fortress Monroe on the 2d of April, where he found 58,000 men and much of his artillery. The following day he moved his whole army towards Yorktown in order to prevent the reinforcement of Magruder by Johnston and expecting the co-operation of the naval force in Hampton Roads to reduce the Confederate batteries both on the James and York Rivers. The sketch of our artist shows the enthusiasm of the troops as their commander rides through the lines. From a sketch by E. S. Hale.

73. Reception of Wounded Soldiers. J. H. Schell.

RECEPTION OF THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS OF THE FEDERAL ARMY AT FORTRESS MONROE, VA., during the progress of the seven days' battles before Richmond, Cars carrying the wounded to the hospitals; surgeons dressing the wounds. The sketch of Mr. Schell tells its own story. The scene had a daily repetition during the entire week, and as fast as the boats and cars brought the disabled down the river they were cared for at the temporary hospital, and sent North by steamers to receive the best care at the hospitals at Washington, Philadelphia and New York. From a sketch by J. H. Schell.

74. Sherman's ""Bummers"" Foraging. J. E. Taylor.

SHERMAN'S ""BUMMERS"" FORAGING IN SOUTH CAROLINA ON THEIR MARCH FROM SAVANNAH TO WASHINGTON, 1865. - As the army subsisted on the enemy's country the soldiers were often guilty of much thoughtless but culpable wrong in the destruction of property that they could not use and that could in no way afford aid and comfort to the enemy. History has established that this wanton destruction was not countenanced by the commanders but the act of army followers and irregular soldiers, elated by their success and the prospects of the speedy overthrow of the secession movement. From a sketch by J. E. Taylor.

75. Engagement at Bealington, Va. Henry Lovie.

THE ENGAGEMENT AT BEALINGTON, VA., JULY 8, 1861. - General McClellan, in command of the Federal forces at North West Virginia, had about 20,000 available men and had divided them into three detachments. One of these under Gen. T. A. Morris, was sent towards Beverly and encamped at Bealington, a village at the foot of Laurel Hill and in close proximity to Garrett's position, whom he had been ordered to engage in a series of feints to distract him from the main Federal attacks directed to the rear of Garrett's forces, which consisted of about 11,000 men, including 3,000 under Colonel Pegran, at Rich Mountain Skirmishes were kept up, those of the 8th of July being a considerable battle. The troops engaged on the Federal side were the Ninth Indiana and Fourteenth Ohio regiments. The fierceness of the attacks of the Indiana soldiers caused the Confederates to dub them ""Swamp Devils,"" and also ""The Tigers of the Bloody Ninth."" This engagement was followed by the battles of Carrick Ford and Rich Mountain. - From a sketch by H. Lovie.

76. Manassas Junction, Va. Edwin Forbes.

MANASSAS JUNCTION, VA., after its evacuation by the Confederate army, subsequent to the first battle of Bull Run, July, 1861.- Abandoned fortifications, camps, wagons and burned railroad depots. Mr. Forbes has in this sketch given a picture of' desolation and ruin incident to an abandoned battle field. Here had been encamped for months the great army of Northern Virginia, and here had been won to the Southern arms their first great victory. When McClellan moved his army from their front and took up his march to Richmond by way of the York and James Rivers, the Confederates hastily broke camp and marched to the defense of their Capitol, leaving the desolate field to be occupied by the outposts of the Federal forces, left to make a feint of resistance in their front. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

77. Federal Army Entering Richmond, Va. Joseph Becker.

THE FEDERAL ARMY ENTERING RICHMOND, VA., APRIL 3, 1865. - Reception of the Union troops on Main street amid the ruins of the burned city fired by the orders of General Ewell. -General Weitzel sent forward a squad of cavalry, about forty strong, whose coming aroused the cry of ""The Yankees,"" which was taken up and repeated throughout the whole city. The crowd fled up the main street and into the by-streets, leaving only the negroes to greet the incoming soldiers. The stars and stripes were hoisted on the flagstaff of the Capitol by Lieut. Johnston de Peyster- the same flag that had floated over the headquarters of General Butler at New Orleans. The cavalry was followed by all troops marching in order with cheers and martial music. From a sketch by Joseph Becker.

78. View of London Heights, Va. Frank H. Schell.

VIEW FROM LONDON HEIGHTS, VA., showing Harper's Ferry, Maryland Heights, Bolivar, etc. - The Potomac coming from the North meets the Shenandoah ranging from the West at the foot of a spur of the BlueRidge known as Elk Mountain. The united streams have torn a narrow passage through the montain, apparently separating it from summit to base, leaving almost perpendicular sides one thousand feet high. The eastern cliff is Maryland Heights, the western, or the Virginia side, London Heights. In the angle of the junction of the rivers is an elevated plateau falling steeply towards the Potomac and sloping gently towards the Shenandoah. The ridge of this plateau is Bolivar Heights, and at its foot is the village of Harper's Ferry where the first tragedy of the war for the abolition of African slavery was enacted when John Brown was hung. From a sketch by Frank H. Schell.

79. Cumberland Heights, Tenn. An Engineer of Bragg's Army.

CUMBERLAND HEIGHTS, TENNESSEE, FROM THE KENTUCKY SIDE. - The narrow pass through the Cumberland Mountains known as the Gap is on the exact line between Kentucky and Tennessee at the western extremity of Virginia. As a strong strategic point it was strongly fortified by the Confederates at the commencement of the Civil War. It was abandoned by them January 18, 1862, and occupied by the Federal forces under Gen. G W. Morgan. In August, 1862, Gen. E. Kirby Smith outflanked their position by a march through Big Creek Gap, and compelled General Morgan to abandon and destroy the works. On September 9, 1863, General Frazer, who held the Gap by a brigade of Buckner's troops, surrendered after a siege of four days to General Burnside. The Gap itself is a cliff 500 feet deep, and in some places only wide enough for a wagon road. From a sketch by an engineer of Bragg's army.

80. Confederate Cavalry Charging Through Chambersburg, Pa. George Law.

THE CONFEDERATE CAVALRY CHARGING THROUGH THE STREETS OF CRAMBERSBURG, PA. - On the 30th of July, 1863, a body of Confederate Cavalry, under command of General McCausland, entered the town of Chambersburg, Pa., and laid it under tribute of $200,000 in gold or 500,000 in currency, which demand not being complied with, he burned the town. About two-thirds of the place was destroyed, 2,500 persons were deprived of homes, and property to the value of $1,000,000 destroyed. From a sketch by Geo. Law.

81. Battle of Williamsburg. Soldier on the Field.

BATTLE OF WILLIAMSBURG, VA., FOUGHT MAY 7, 1862. - Early in May Williamsburg was occupied by the Federals, while Johnston's army was beyond the Chickahominy. When the main army came up General Stoneman was sent with Smith's division to open the road to Franklin. The Confederates belonging to the rear guard of Johnston's retreating forces attempted to drive off the Federals, but were met by the Sixteenth, Thirty-first and Thirty-second and the Ninety-fifth and Ninety-sixth Pennsylvania Regiments, which kept up for nearly four hours a sharp musketry fire through the woods until they received the cannon landed by the gunboats. With the aid of the batteries then landed the Federals soon drove away the Confederates, and thereafter held the position as an additional base of supplies for the army of the Potomac. The sketch is by a soldier on the field.

82. Return of Wounded Soldiers.

RETURN OF WOUNDED SOLDIERS. - Fifty-seven wounded soldiers of the National Army captured at Bull Run were returned under a flag of truce. The scene represents their arrival on board the United States steamer ""Louisiana,"" and the welcome given them by their companions in arms.

83. First Charge of Fremont's Bodyguard. Henry Lovie.

FIRST CHARGE of FREMONT'S BODY GUARD AT SPRINGFIELD, MO., OCTOBER 95, 1861. - Toward the end of September, Fremont set out to prevent the contemplated junction of Price with the forces raised by McCullough in Arkansas. When he arrived at Warsaw he was joined by a squadron of cavalry called ""Prairie Scouts"" under the leadership of F. S. White. Learning that a Confederate force had just been established at Springfleld, Fremont ordered Maj. Charles Zagonyi, commanding his body guard of cavalry, to take it with Major White's Scouts on a reconnoissance, and to capture the camp if deemed practicable. Major White being too ill to march as rapidly as the rest, Major Zagonyi reached the camp with only 150 men, but rather than await their arrival Zagonyi determined to meet the disparity in force and to make an immediate attack. They dashed into the force against them and drove them in wild disorder; 50 men of White's force then came up, and a second charge was made through the streets of Springfield. Zagonyi's loss was eighty-four dead and wounded in this engagement, which for boldness and rapidity certainly has few parallels in any history. Sketched by Henry Lovie.

84. Return of the Sixty-ninth Regiment.

RETURN OF THE SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT. - This regiment, composed entirely of Irish citizens, upon its return to New York city after a three months service in the field was escorted through the streets by the Seventh Regiment and afterward given a reception that any organization might envy.

85. Hancock's Second Corps Charging Lee's Right. Edwin Forbes.

HANCOCK'S SECOND CORPS CHARGING LEE'S RIGHT. - General Grant determined to plant his army between General Lee and Richmond by a movement upon Spottsylvania Court House. The vital interest centered in the March of Warren to seize this place. After considerable fighting the column under Warren emerged from the woods into a clearing and waited for Sedgwick to come up before making an attack. In consequence of this delay Lee had managed to place himself across Grant's path and, having drawn upon the Spottsylvania Ridge a bulwark of defense, he was able to hold the Army of the Potomac in check. The next morning Hancock was ordered to attack a hill held by the Confederates in front of Warren's line. The attack upon this position had already been essayed by both the Second and the Fifth Corps, with disastrous results. When Hancock's division joined the Fifth an assault was made, May 12, 1864. The column formed on clear ground, advanced without firing a shot. When half-way toward the enemy the men broke into a ringing cheer, and on the double quick rolled like a resistless wave into the Confederate works and carried the line at all points. Sketch by Edwin Forbes.

86. Baggage Train.

BAGGAGE TRAIN. - A striking incident. The drivers of the baggage train attached to General Pleasanton's Cavalry Brigade watering their mules in the Rappahannock River.

87. Battle of Cross Keys, Shenandoah Valley. Edwin Forbes.

THE BATTLE OF CROSS KEYS, SHENANDOAH VALLEY, SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1862. - Opening of the fight. The Federal troops, under General Fremont, advancing to attack the Confederate army, commanded by General Jackson, posted in the wood, with its front extending for two miles. Gen. R. H. Milroy leading the center, Gen. Robert 0. Schenck the right, and Generals Louis Blenker and Julius H. Stahl the left wing of the advancing army, consisting of the Eighth New York Volunteers (First German Rifles), Colonel Wutschell; Twenty-ninth New York Volunteers (German), Colonel Sorst; Forty-first New York Volunteers (De Kalb), Colonel Giza; Forty-fifth New York Volunteers (Fifth German Rifles), Colonel Von Amsberg; Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteers, Colonel Jones; Eighty-second Ohio Volunteers, Colonel Canterell ; Eighth Virginia, Sixtieth Ohio and Thirty-ninth New York Volunteers, under Colonels Cluseret and D'Utassy. From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

88. Burning of the United States Arsenal at Harper's Ferry. Henry Lovie.

BURNING OF THE UNITED STATES ARSENAL AT HARPER'S FERRY, APRIL 18, 1861, by the United States troops to prevent its falling into the hands of the insurgent troops, who endeavored to seize it. Lieut. R. Jones had only a small detachment and upon the approach of the enemy set fire to trains of gunpowder previously laid. Lieutenant Jones then crossed the Potomac and fled up the canal, crossed the hills and escaped. His act was highly commended by the Government.

89. Capture of Propeller ""Fanny."" W. T. Crane.

CAPTURE OF THE PROPELLER ""FANNY."" - An important entrance to Pamlico Sound was open south of Fort Hatteras, defended by two forts. Commander Rowan sent an expedition to capture them, which included the ""Fanny,"" which was captured on October 1, 1861, while conveying men and stores to the Twentieth Indiana regiment, encamped at Chicamacomico, N. C., forty miles south of Hatteras Inlet. Sketch by W. T. Crane.

90. Evacuation of Corinth. Henry Lovie.

EVACUATION OF CORINTH. - General Halleck, with the grand army of the Tennessee, had steadily advanced the Federal army, after cutting Beauregard's railway communications to the north and east of Corinth. He expected to give battle on the 30th of May, 1862, but it was found that the Confederates had completed the evacuation of Corinth during the night, after firing the town at all important points and blowing up the magazines. The Federals pursued in the direction of Guntown, but only a few stragglers were captured. From a sketch by H. Lovie.

91. Troops in Readiness to Quell Expected Riot at Baltimore. J. Becker.

TROOPS IN READINESS TO QUELL EXPECTED RIOT IN BALTIMORE. - After the deplorable attack upon the Massachusetts regiment in Baltimore, General Banks caused the arrest of Marshall Kane and the police commissioners, which again aroused the mob so that a riot was imminent. In anticipation of attack Banks ordered Cook's Boston Light Infantry, supported by artillery, to take position in Monument Square, Baltimore, but the precaution was unnecessary. Sketch by Joseph Becker.

92. The Surrender of Fort Pulaski. W. T. Crane.

THE SURRENDER OF FORT PULASKI. - Fort Pulaski was built in 1829 for the defense of the Savannah River approach of Savannah, Ga. In January, 1861, it was seized by the authority of the State of Georgia, and subsequently turned over to the Confederate government. Its capture was determined upon after the taking of Port Royal, and an expedition was sent for that purpose. Batteries were erected by night under the command of General Gillmore, and the bombardment began on the 10th of April, 1861. By two o'clock a breach had been made which threatened the blowing up of the magazine, when the fort capitulated. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

93. Federal Troops Landing Opposite Cairo, Ill. Henry Lovie.

FEDERAL TROOPS LANDING OPPOSITE CAIRO, ILL. - After providing for the security of St. Louis, General Fremont turned his attention to the strengthening of Cairo, at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and sent a force to a point on the Kentucky shore for the purpose of building Fort Holt. From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

94. Landing Troops at Fort Walker. W. T. Crane.

LANDING OF TROOPS AT FORT WALKER. - The authorities at Washington had decided that Port Royal, on the Coast of South Carolina, answered best the requirements for a naval rendezvous, and an expedition was fitted out on the 21st of October, 1861, which consisted of twenty-seven vessels under the command of Commodore Dupont. The largest fortification was Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, which was attacked early on November 7, 1861, and captured, when the transfer on shore was made of all the troops who had been spectators of the engagement. Sketched by W. T. Crane.

95. North Battery at Shipping Point. F. B. Schell.

NORTH BATTERY OF THE CONFEDERATES AT SHIPPING POINT, looking up from the Potomac. - After the battle of First Bull Run the Confederates built batteries at all strategic points on the Potomac River.

96. Siege of Vicksburg. F. B. Schell.

SIEGE of VICKSBURG. - Life in the trenches during the investment by the army under General Grant. In order to successfully accomplish the capture of Vicksburg, Grant proposed to attack from the south, and proceeded to dispose of the land forces to completely hem in all retreat. Expedition after expedition was organized, until all was ready on April 16th, and Vicksburg was completely invested from the land side, while Porter's fleet commanded it from the river. On the 22d of May a simultaneous attack was made from both the land forces and the fleet, which was continued until the 6th of July, when a flag of truce was sent by General Pemberton, and the place capitulated. From a sketch by F. B. Schell.

97. Interior of Floating Battery. Confederate Officer.

INTERIOR OF FLOATING BATTERY during the bombardment of Fort Sumter. - This novel battery performed a leading part in the attack on Fort Sumter. It was about one hundred feet long by twenty-five wide, built of sawed timber, presenting an angular front of about forty degrees. It was faced with two thicknesses of railroad iron and was manned with four guns of heavy caliber. -Sketched by a Confederate officer.

98. Attack on General Sedgwick's Corps. Edwin Forbes.

ATTACK ON GENERAL SEDGWICK'S CORPS. - CHANCELLORSVILLE, MAY 4, 1863. - Upon relieving Burnside, General Hooker reorganized the army and moved upon Lee's army, reaching Chancellorsville on the 30th of April. Here he established his headquarters and sent out cavalry expeditions to cut Lee's railway communication with Richmond. General Sedgwick had been ordered to advance through Fredericksburg and unitewith the main body at Chancellorsville, and made an unsuccessful attempt to pass around Early's left. Lee detached four brigades to intercept Sedgwick, and an obstinate conflict followed. Sedgwick's force tried to overcome the attack, which was mainly directed against his left, but his efforts were futile, and he had finally to abandon the ground in a retreat toward Bank's Ford. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes.

99. Return of Foraging Parties.

RETURN OF FORAGING PARTIES

100. Federal Army Entering Front Royal. Edwin Forbes.

FEDERAL ARMY ENTERING FRONT ROYAL after the battle of Winchester. - Jackson had been ordered to watch Banks and hold him while General Lee endeavored to cut off the Federal communication between Winchester and Alexandria. He pushed on to New Market, where he joined Elwell, to cut off at Front Royal Banks' possible retreat in that direction. The Federals were driven from their position and fell back to Front Royal. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes.

101. The Sixteenth Ohio Regiment Crossing Tray Run Viaduct.

THE SIXTEENTH OHIO REGIMENT CROSSING TROY RUN VIADUCT. - After General McClellan had taken command at Grafton he decided upon an immediate advance upon the Confederate forces in Northwestern Virginia, and sent General Rosecrans to attack Pegram's position. The Sixteenth Ohio was sent forward by train on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.

102. General Keye's Division Crossing the Chickahominy. E. S. Hall.

VIEW OF FREDERICKSBURG, VA., from the North Bank of the Rappahannock River, after its Evacuation by the Confederate Troops. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes. GENERAL KEYE'S DIVISION CROSSING THE CHICKAHOMINY RIVER. MAY 23, 1862, over Bottom Bridge, built by the engineers of the Federal Army.-The Chickahominy form's the boundary between Henrico and Charles City Counties Virginia, and was the theater of the operations of General McClellan against Richmond in May and June, 1862. Sketched by E. S. Hall.

103. Embarking Troops at Bird's Point, Mo. Henry Lovie.

EMBARKING TROOPS AT BIRD'S POINT, MO. - As soon as General Fremont established order in the Department of the West and organized an offensive movement against the Confederates below Cairo, he sent General Prentiss to occupy Cape Girardeon with a large force of artillery, cavalry and infantry, which landed at Bird's Point. Sketched by Henry Lovie.

104. Retreat of the Confederates from Corinth, Miss. Henry Lovie.

RETREAT OF THE CONFEDERATES FROM CORINTH, MISS., and entry of the Federal Army. - The advance of General Halleck compelled the evacuation of Corinth by the Confederates, who departed by night after firing the town at all important places and blowing up the magazines. Sketched by Henry Lovie.

105. On the Way to the Front. F. B. Schell.

ON THE WAY TO THE FRONT. - Arrival and departure of the Federal soldiers at the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, Philadelphia. - Sketched by F. B. Schell.

106. Refugees Driven from their Homes. Henry Lovie.

REFUGEES DRIVEN PROM THEIR HOMES by the Confederate General Von Dorn, after the battle of Pea Ridge. The Federal force under General Curtis was pushing southward to Fayetteville, which the Confederates had left burning before crossing the Boston Mountains. - Sketched by Henry Lovie.

107. Confederate Attempt to Regain Weldon Railroad. Joseph Becker.

CONFEDERATE ATTEMPT TO REGAIN THE WELDON RAILROAD. - During the operations around Petersburg, Warren took possession of the Weldon Railroad, where he strongly entrenched his line. Several attempts were made by the Confederates to recapture this position, but without success. The upper picture represents the Federal forces falling back through Charlestown, August 2, 1864. - Sketched by John Becker.

108. View of Richmond.

VIEW OF RICHMOND from the prison camp on Belle Isle, James River, just before the surrender.

109. The Confederate Cruiser ""Alabama.""

THE ALABAMA (""290"") hoisted the Confederate flag on August 24,1862, and started on a cruise which lasted two years, and during which time she destroyed or captured over fifty vessels. On June 19, 1864, the United States steamer Kearsarge, Capt. John A. Winslow, destroyed the Alabama off Cherbourg, France.

110. Bird's-Eye View of Chattanooga. Engineer on Bragg's Staff.

BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF CHATTANOOGA. TENN., as seen from Lookout Mountain. - Drawn by an engineer of General Bragg's staff.

111. View of the City of New Berne, N. C.

VIEW OF THE CITY OF NEW BERNE, N. C., from the opposite bank of the Neuse River. The Tenth Connecticut Regiment awaiting transportation by the Flagship ""Delaware,"" Commander Rowan.

112. Five Locomoties Built at Vicksburg. F. B. Schell.

FIVE LOCOMOTIVES BUILT AT VICKSBURG under the supervision of Colonel Colbough, of McPherson's staff. - Sketched by F. B. Schell.

113. Capture of Lost Mountain. C. E. F. Hillen.

CAPTURE OF LOST MOUNTAIN BY GENERAL HOOKER, JUNE 15, 1864. - Sherman's army advanced in three columns toward Marietta, his object being to break the Confederate line between Kenesow and Pine Mountains. The Confederates were so heavily pressed at all points that they soon had to abandon Lost Mountain as well as the long line of breastworks connecting it with Kenesaw Mountain. - From a sketch by C. E. F. Hillen.

114. The Sixth Mass. Regiment Leaving Jersey City. A. Berghaus.

THE SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT LEAVING JERSEY CITY. - This was the first regiment to respond to the call of the President issued three days before. It was welcomed in New York with great enthusiasm, and it was sped on its way with cheers of more than a hundred thousand Spectators. - Sketched by A. Berghaus.

115. Battle of Winchester. J. E. Taylor.

BATTLE OF WINCHESTER. Position of the Nineteenth Corps, General Emory in the center. September 19, 1864. - The Federal form extended about four miles, enveloping Winchester from north and east. Sheridan formed a line of battle with the Sixth Corps, covered by Wilson's cavalry, the Ninteenth Corps in the centre, and the Konowha infantry on the right. 2. Early emerged from the hills west of Cedar Creek and struck the troop directly on Crook's right. Crook immediately charged with the entire Eighth Corps, but the whole Federal left and center became demoralized and were driven along the turnpike. - Sketched by J. E. Taylor.

116. Effect of a Discharge of Grape on the ""Iroquois."" William Waud

EFFECT OF A DISCHARGE OF GRAPE ON GUNBOAT ""IROQUOIS,"" killing eight and wounding seven of a gun crew of twenty-five men mounting a Dahlgren gun. - Sketched by Wm. Waud.

117. Depot of Ordnance Department. E. S. Hall.

DEPOT OF ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, at White House Landing, Pamunkey River, Va. - This place derived its name from a plain white wooden house, occupying the site of the residence of Mrs. Custis, afterwards the wife of Washington. The family of Lee had been residing at the White House, but had just before the arrival of the Federal troops removed to the neighborhood of Richmond. - Sketched by E. S. Hall.

118. First Ohio Regiment Surprised by a Masked Battery. Henry Lovie.

FIRST OHIO REGIMENT SURPRISED BY A MASKED BATTERY. - Four companies were ordered to guard the railroad between Alexandria and Leesburg, and accompanied by Gen. R. C. Schenck were proceeding cautiously in cars and trucks pushed ahead of a locomotive. The train had just entered a deep cut when the cars were swept from front to rear by grape and canister. The troops leaped from the cars and rallied in the grove, maintaining so bold a front that the Confederates retired to Fairfax Court House. - Sketched by Henry Lovie.

119. Accident on Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. Henry Lovie.

ACCIDENT ON THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. - It was remarkable how few accidents occurred upon railroads in the transportation of troops. Even when in the enemy's country and on their own ground hardly an accident is recorded except this, which makes it notable. The Nineteenth Illinois Regiment was on its way to the front when a bridge collapsed while the train was passing. The locomotive passed over safely, but the middle cars were precipitated into the creek, and over one hundred soldiers were killed and wounded. - Sketched by Henry Lovie.

120. Distributing Captured Clothing. J. H. Schell.

DISTRIBUTING CAPTURED CLOTHING TO THE NEEDY, Headquarters of Vincent Collyer, Superintendent of the Poor. - After the capture of New Berne a large amount of clothing fell into the hands of the Federals, which was stored at this point, and headquarters established for its distribution among the needy inhabitants of New Berne and vicinity. It brought about much merrry making among the colored people. - Sketched by J. H. Schell.

121. The German Regiment Receiving its Flags. A. Berghaus.

THE ""STEUBEN"" REGIMENT RECEIVING ITS FLAGS. - The foreigners were among the first to respond to the call of the President. Col. John E. Bendix raised the famous German regiment, to which much attention was shown. Beautiful flags were made by ladies and presented with public ceremonies in front of the City Hall, New York, which greatly helped to stir the feeling of patriotism throughout the North. Colonel Bendix organized the Seventh New York regiment in 1861, and afterwards was promoted to brigadier-general in 1865. - A. Berghaus.

122. Capture of McClernan's Headquarters. Henry Lovie.

CAPTURE OF McCLERNAN'S HEADQUARTERS and McAllister's and Schwartz's artillery by the Confederates, April 6, 1862. - Grant's army lay at Pittsburg Landing awaiting the arrival of Buell from Nashville. His intention was to at once march upon Corinth. On Sunday, April 6, the Confederate army opposing him, under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnson, moved forward very quietly, and completely surprised the Federals. The onslaught was so fiercely made that three brigades were rapidly forced back, with the loss of a battery, upon McClernan's division, which lay in the rear of Prenstss's force. Prentiss was surrounded and surrendered, and the Confederates took possession of McClernan's camp and captured nearly half of both McAllister's and Schwartz's artillery, besides several of Dresser's cannons and a large number of horses. - Sketched by H. Lovie.

123. Gen. McDowell's Advance. E. S. Hall.

GENERAL McDOWELL'S ADVANCE along the new military road into Virginia.-Arrangements for an aggressive movement were finally completed on July 15, 1861, and on the afternoon of the next day all the divisions left camp and advanced toward Fairfax Court House, where it was expected the Confederates would make a stand. - Sketched by E. S. Hall.

124. Departure of the Seventh New York Regiment. A. Berghaus.

DEPARTURE OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT FROM NEW YORK. - This regiment, the just pride of New York city, and widely noted for its perfect discipline and equipment, as well as promptitude in every emergency, was the first regimement from the Empire State to respond to the call of the President. With bayonets gleaming in the sun, with firm step, with bearing proud and erect, they marched down Broadway, which was lined with people from sidewalk to roof. Two days later they were followed by the Sixth, the Twelfth and the Seventy-first. - Sketched by A. Berghaus.

125. The Surprise at Philippi. Henry Lovie.

THE SURPRISE AT PHILIPPI. - The Federal troops under command of Colonel Dumont, supported by Colonels Kelley and Lander, proceeded along the turnpike overlooking Philippi to surprise Colonel Porterfield's rear. After a March of thirteen miles in a drenching rainstorm, he was about taking position when Porterfield's pickets discovered the movement from a pistol shot, fired by a woman at Colonel Lander, who was reconnoitering ahead of the column. Dumont opened fire with both guns and under this cover made a dash upon the enemy's picket and captured the barricaded bridge across the river. - Sketched by H. Lovie.

126. Ellsworth Zouaves. A. Berghaus.

ELLSWORTH'S ZOUAVES. - The dashing exploits of the French Zouaves in the Crimean War attracted the emulative attention of all the light infantry tacticians of our country. A number of companies were formed, foremost of which was that of Ellsworth, who created a great sensation when he made a tour of the East with his Chicago cadets, with their striking and gay uniforms, with flowing pouts, their jaunty crimson caps and open blue jackets. No military organization was more brilliant, and in their evolutions they displayed great precision. - Sketched by A. Berghaus.

127. Lew Wallace's Charge at Fort Donelson. Henry Lovie.

LEW WALLACE'S CHARGE AT FORT DONELSON. - On February 11, 1862, General Grant decided to move upon Fort Donelson, which was situated on the left bank of the Cumberland River. The position was defended by General Floyd with 15,000 men. In the attack Colonel Wallace was ordered to capture a battery called the Middle Redoubt, and with three regiments he advanced rapidly up the hill until within forty rods, of the battery, when a terrible fire from the entire line of opposing infantry, as well as artillery, compelled them to fall back. They were reinforced, but to no purpose, and after holding their ground for a full hour they fell back to their original position. - Sketched by Henry Lovie.

128. Fort Hatteras from Ramparts of Fort Clark. J. H. Schell.

FORT HATTERAS, FROM RAMPARTS OF FORT CLARK. - In August, 1861, Commodore Stringham was informed that supplies for the Confederate troops were being carried through Hatteras Inlet, the entrance to Pamlico Sound, and a joint naval and military expedition was sent to capture Forts Clark and Hatteras, defending the inlet. The expedition landed on the 28th of August and mounted heavy guns, which opened upon the forts simultaneously with the squadron, when both forts surrendered without the loss of a man on the Union side. - Sketched by J. H. Schell.

129. Engagement at Culp's House, Ga., June 22, 1864. C. E. F. Hillen.

ENGAGEMENT AT CULP'S HOUSE, GA., JUNE 22, 1864, which led up to the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. - Sherman was drawing his lines tightly around the Confederates, and on the 21st of June, 1864 Hood was ordered to take position on Hardee's left, at the same time Sherman was developing his right flank southward of Kenesaw Mountain. On the next day, (22d) Hooker, having advanced his line, with Schofield on his right, was suddenly attacked by Hood near the Culp House, southwest of Marietta. His unexpected appearance and vigorous assault, which fell upon Williams' division of Hooker's corps and Hascall's division of Schofield's, drove both divisions back to the main line, where the Federal artillery checked their progress, when the advance of the whole Federal line drove Hood's forces back in confusion, with a loss of nearly 1,000 men. The Federal loss was 400 killed and wounded. - From a sketch by C. E. F. Hillen.

130. Gen. U. S. Grant Occupies Cape Girardeau, Mo. Henry Lovie.

CAPE GIRARDEAU, MO., OCCUPIED BY THE FEDERAL TROOPS UNDER GEN. U. S. GRANT, SEPTEMBER S. 1861, as a base of supplies for his proposed invasion of Kentucky. - When the Legislature of Kentucky met on September 5, 1861, the Governor in his message insisted on neutrality, and recommended that a State force be raised for its own defense and that all other military bodies should be disbanded. At the same time the Legislature was informed that Confederate troops occupied Hickman and Chalk Bluffs. General Polk also occupied Columbus. General Grant on the 7th took possession of Paducah, Ky., at the mouth of the Tennessee River, a few miles above Cairo, and made extensive preparations to resist the progress of Polk's army northward. Polk refused to withdraw with his troops when demanded to do so by the Kentucky Legislature unless Grant was made to also withdraw. This condition was considered as an insult to the dignity of the State, and the Legislature demanded an unconditional withdrawal and afterwards passed resolutions requesting Major Anderson to take command of the military forces of the State and repel the invasion of the Confederates. - From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

131. Flag of Truce from General Butler at New Orleans. William Waud.

LANDING ON THE LEVEE, NEW ORLEANS OF CAPTAIN BAILEY AND LIEUTENANT PERKINS WITH A FLAG OF TRUCE from Geberal Butler, demanding the surrender of' the city to the Federal forces. - On Friday, April 25, 1862. Farragut's fleet moved up the river and at noon came in full view of New Orleans, casting anchor an hour later while a violent rain and thunder storm was prevailing. For five miles along the levee thousands of bales of cotton and barrels of sugar were burning, while in the stream were large ships, steamboats and smaller craft afire. The messengers with the flag of truce stepped ashore and proceeded to the City Hall through a motley crowd that kept up their cheers for Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy and groans and hisses for Abraham Lincoln and the Yankee fleet. General Lovell refused to surrender and advised Mayor Monroe not to allow the Confederate flags taken down. The messengers retired, and in the meantime some marines from the Pensacola hoisted the flag over the Mint. Which was afterwards taken down, and the next day Captain Bell, with one hundred marines, raised the flag over the Custom House and Mint, and they were not afterwards disturbed. The city was peacefully occupied on the 30th of April, 1862. - From a sketch by Wm. Waud.

132. Dress Parade of 1st S. C. Colored Volunteers. W. T. Crane.

DRESS PARADE AND REVIEW OF THE FIRST SOUTH CAROLINA (COLORED) VOLUNTEERS, under Colonel Fessenden. U. S. A., at Hilton Head, S. C., June 25. 1862. - The organization of negro regiments was discouraged until after the failure of the campaign before Richmond. Congress, as the last important act of the session of 1862, empowered the President to ""receive into the service of the United States for any military or naval service for which they may be found competent, persons of African descent, who shall be enrolled and organized under such regulations, not inconsistent with the constitution and the laws, as may be prescribed."" It was fuither enacted that any slave of a person in rebellion rendering such service ""shall forever thereafter be free together with his wife, mother and children if they also belong to persons in rebellion. The pay of these colored troops to be fixed at ten dollars a month and one ration."" - From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

133. Fort Bauregard, S. C., Interior View. W. T. Crane.

VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF FORT BEAUREGARD ON BAY POINT, ST. PHILLIPS ISLAND, S. C., opposite Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, and commanding Port Royal Harbor. - On gaining possession of these forts, Beauregard was renamed Fort Seward and Walker Fort Miller. General Sherman and Commander Dupont sailed for Fortress Monroe on October 29, 1862, on an expedition to gain possession of Port Royal Harbor, S. C. The fleet did not reach Port Royal bar until the 4th of November. The attack was further postponed until the 7th of November, owing to unfavorable weather. The forts had been hastily constructed and were not protected against shell or bombs. Fort Beauregard, the less elaborate, mounted fifteen guns with a battery of four guns behind an earthwork to the left. The Confederate form were commanded by General Drayton. The Federal fleet received the fire of the batteries without reply, and then, when in favorable position, opened a fierce bombardment, which dismounted the guns and reduced the forts. The garrison took refuge in the woods and thus escaped. Forty-three guns were captured and possession gained of Hilton Head and Port Royal Harbor. Fort Beauregard was occupied for a time by the Sixty-ninth New York (Highlanders') Regiment. - From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

134. Plantation Police, Vicksburg, Miss. F. B. Schell.

PLANTATION POLICE, OR HOME GUARD, examining passes on the road leading to the levee of the Mississippi River in the vicinity of Vicksburg, Miss., during its investment by the Federal Army. - With Grant's army commanding all the land approaches to Vicksburg, and the gunboats occupying the river, it became a matter of vital interest to the owners of the plantations that their slaves should be kept at home and not allowed to get within the Federal lines. This emergency called for the formation of a home guard and for a system of passes to prevent an exodus of the negro slaves. The night scene sketched by our artist shows the anxious care of the guard and the careless indifference of the negroes. - From a sketch by F. B. Schell.

135. Bread for the Army, National Bakery. A. Berghaus.

PROVIDING BREAD FOR THE ARMY. Great national bakery in the basement of the Capitol, Washington, D. C. - The exigencies of the time and the presence of a vast army in and around the National Capital, made it necessary to improvise a bakeshop where thousands of loaves of bread could be provided daily. The Government selected the basement of the Capitol, where ovens were built, flour stored, and the whole process of breadmaking carried on. This furnishes one of the incidents of war times that gives an insight into the readiness with which the Government responded to every want of the soldier, and gave up even the great National Capitol to the use of supplying the daily bread needed by their gallant defenders. - From a sketch by A. Berghaus.

136. Second Battle of Bull Run, Right Wing. Edwin Forbes.

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1862. The left of the Federal line of battle opposing the right wing and center of the Confederate army, commanded by Longstreet. - There had already been almost continuous fighting from the 26th, when Jackson passed through Thoroughfare Gap and reached Bristow Station. He had sent Stuart to capture Manassas Junction, which he accomplished that night and secured an immense quantity of commissary stores, ten locomotives and trains of quartermaster's supplies. The succeeding days, 27th, 28th, 29th, were days of sanguinary battle, and on the morning of the 30th, desperate battle was begun, which continued through the entire day, in which the entire available forces on both sides were brought into action. Pope could not hold out against the terrible onslaught of Lee's whole army, and he fell back behind Bull Run. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

137. Second Battle of Bull Run, Left Wing. Edwin Forbes.

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 80, 1862. The right wing of the Federal army opposing and attempting to turn the left of the Confederate forces, commanded by Jackson. - During the night of the 29th General Lee had made preparations for a general attack on Pope's front, he had drawn in Jackson's left, which was hidden from view by the intervening , woods and hills, and posted forty-eight heavy guns in such a manner that be could sweep the ground to the right and left. Pope thought Jackson's army was retreating and hurried his right wing forward, hoping to turn Longstreet's left. As Porter's Corps advanced upon Jackson, the Confederates under Longstreet opened a terrible fire of shot and shell, enfilading Porter's ranks. Porter did not falter, but three times made vigorous attacks and made serious inroads upon Jackson, but each time was repulsed with great slaughter by the combined infantry and artillery fires. Finally he fell back to a defensive position until ordered to fall back by general orders from Pope. - From a sketch by Edwin Forbes.

138. Bombardment of Fort Pulaski, April 11, 1862. W. T. Crane.

FORT PULASKI DURING THE SECOND DAY'S BOMBARDMENT, FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 1862. - This fort, situated on a mud Island at the mouth of the Savannah River, commanded the approach of Savannah, Ga. General Gilmore had succeeded in planting eleven batteries, mounting thirty-six mortars and heavy guns on shore, distant over one mile from the fort, and on the 16th of August demanded the surrender of the fort. This being refused by Commander Olmstead, fire was opened, and after eighteen hours the walls were thoroughly breached and the fort surrendered with forty-seven guns, a large amount of amunition and nearly four hundred prisoners. The possession of the fort by the Federals barred all direct access to Savannah by sea and the city became of no use to the Confederacy as a port of entry. From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

139. View of Beaufort, S. C. W. T. Crane.

VIEWS IN BEAUFORT, S. C., Headquarters of the Department of the South. - After the reduction of Forts Beauregard and Walker and the occupation of Hilton Head, where a rendezvous for colored refugees was organized and the first regular colored regiment recruited, Gen. J. J. Stevens took possession of the old and aristocratic city of Beaufort, located on Port Royal Island and Port Royal river, on November 9, 1862. Here he established his headquarters, and as the harbor had nearly sixteen feet of water on the bar, it afforded an excellent port from which to direct future operations. - From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

140. Passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. William Waud.

PASSAGE OF THE SECOND DIVISION 0F THE FEDERAL SQUADRON PAST FORTS JACKSON AND ST. PHILIP, APRIL 24, 1862. - Capt. Theodorus Bailey commanded this division and led it with the ""Cayuga,"" as flag ship, followed by the ""J. P. Jackson,"" ""Pensacola,"" ""Mississippi,"" ""Portsmouth,"" "" Oneida,"" ""Katahdin."" ""Varuna,"" ""Kineo,"" and ""Wissahickon."" As the ""Cayuga"" came on a line with Fort Jackson her battery opened a heavy fire, to which the ""Cayuga"" did not respond until close upon Fort St. Philip, when she opened upon the latter with grape and canister. The ""Portsmouth"" lost her tow, the "" Jackson,"" and drifted down the river. The Confederate ram ""Louisiana"" and attending gunboats then attacked the ""Cayuga,"" but Captain Bailey warded off the attempts of the ram, and the ""Varuna"" came to his rescue, although herself nearly hemmed in by the Confederate gunboats, and was afterwards severely rammed by the Geo. Moore and finally sunk just as she delivered a broadside of three guns. - From a sketch by Wm. Waud.

141. Women's Meeting at Cooper Union, N. Y. A. Berghaus.

WOMEN'S MEETING AT COOPER UNION HALL, COOPER INSTITUTE, NEW YORK CITY, to organize the ""Women's Central Association of Relief,"" for the comfort and aid of the sick and wounded defenders of the Federal cause. - This great meeting in New York city was the beginning of a great charity which cared for the sick and wounded and administered to the comfort and encouragement of the soldiers at the front. In the first three years of the war over one million of dollars were expended by the United States Sanitary Commission that sprang from this meeting, guided by the Rev. Dr. Henry W. Bellows. They supported over forty soldiers' homes, scattered over the whole field of war. Twenty-three hundred sick and wounded were daily ministered to in these homes. A hospital directory costing $20,000 per year was maintained, where friends could gain information of sick and wounded friends. From $3 to $10 was expended for the comfort of each wounded soldier after every great battle, and in every way the soldier's comfort studied and ministered. - From a sketch by A. Berghaus.

142. Contrabands on Their Way to Work. W. T. Crane.

REVIEWING THE ""CONTRABANDS"" on their way to their day's work on the fortifications around Fortress Monroe. - General Butler, when he took command of Fortress Monroe, determined to use all the able bodied negroes who came into his camp at such work as had previously been done by the enlisted soldiers. This caused considerable discussion, and the claim made by General Butler that these fugitive slaves were ""contraband of war"" led to the general designation of the negro as ""contraband."" The sketch of our artist hardly needs comment, as it is a vivid interpreter of its own story. - From a sketch by W. T. Crane.

143. Battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Henry Lovie.

BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING (SHILOH), SUNDAY, APRIL 6, 1862. - General Hulburt's division receiving the combined attack of Johnston, Chertham, Mithers and Breckenridge - Repulse of the Confederate force at the Peach Orchard. - By noon the entire Federal advance had been driven in - routed for the most part - leaving three large encampments in the bands of the Confederates. Two divisions alone remained intact, Hurlbut's and W. H. L. W allaces. These divisions protected the depots of ammunition and the transports. Hurlbut fell back to the patch of woods, abandoning his camp. Wallace soon after also fell back, crowding the remnant of the Federal army in a narrow semicircle extending half a mile from the landing. The battle had lasted for eight hours, and yet here stood Hurlbut bidding defiance to the victorious Confederates. The fire from twenty guns checked their advance. The two gunboats then took part; this new feature surprised he Confederates, they were compelled to withdraw from the field, and Beauregard made his night's camp at Shiloh church. - From a sketch by Henry Lovie.

144. Delaware Indians as Federal Scouts. Henry Lovie.

DELAWARE INDIANS ACTING AS SCOUTS FOR THE FEDERAL ARMY IN THE WEST. - In 1789 there were within the limits of the United States, including the territories, less than 100,000 Indians. In 1858 the number had increased by acquisition of territory to more than 400,000. At the beginning of the Civil War all the great tribes had been driven west of the Mississippi. The Indian territory became an object of importance to Price and McCullough, and they found in some of the tribes possible reinforcements. Gen. Albert Pike was the commissioner of the Confederate States to the Indian nations and tribes west of Arkansas. In August, 1861, he entered into a treaty with the Comanches, promising them Confederate protection, giving their chief letters of safeguard. Other tribes followed, and with the exception of the Delawares, the more important tribes were induced to forsake their allegiance to the Federal Government. Thus, the Confederacy hoped to secure their 52,000,000 acres of land. - From a sketch by A. Berghaus.

145. Explosion of Mine Before Petersburg. A. McCallum.

EXPLOSION OF THE MINE BEFORE PETERSBURG. - Beauregard had made the place almost impregnable,and after various attacks Grant, becoming convinced that capture by assault was impossible, began the erection of intrenchments to lay siege to the place. General Burnside, with a regiment of Schuylkill miners, constructed a mine extending from his rifle pits, 170 yards, to a point within the Confederate lines, with lateral galleries extending 37 feet right and left. Upon the exploding of the mine the Ninth Corps Artillery (in the foreground), to silence the enemy's batteries not affected by the explosion, made a charge. The fort was found to have been converted into a yawning crater, burying guns and men, and dividing Elliott's brigade, which was panic stricken. The Federals swarmed in and beyond the crater, subjected all the while to the concentrated fire of all the batteries, while Beauregard rallied his men and, after one of the bloodiest hand to hand conflicts of the war, finally drove the Federal forces back. The loss on both sides was frightful, and the affair was characterized as most discreditable to the National Armies. - Sketched by Andrew McCallum.

146. General Rosser Endeavoring to Save His Last Gun. J. E. Taylor.

GENERAL ROSSER ENDEAVORING TO SAVE HIS LAST GUN. - General Sheridan was selected as best fitted to carry out a dashing, aggressive campaign against Early and Fitzhugh Lee, who were continually making raids into Pennsylvania, and with 40,000 men advanced upon Winchester. He sent two divisions of cavalry to take New Market, twenty miles in Early's rear. General Rosser made an ineffectual effort to intercept him, but was defeated and suffered heavy loss. The illustration shows his desperate effort to save his last gun. - Sketched by J. E. Taylor.

147. Advance of Federal Army Against Petersburg. Edwin Forbes.

ADVANCE OF THE FEDERAL ARMY AGAINST PETERSBURG. - The Federal forces besieging Petersburg numbered fully 90,000 men. Burnside and Hancock advanced upon Beauregard and after repeated successes and repulses established a footing and forced the Confederates to retire to an inner line of defense, which was done in the face of an enemy numbering ten to one, and which proved almost impregnable. The same line further strengthened repelled the continuous assaults of the Federal army until evacuated at the close of the war. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes.

148. Porter's Fleet Passing Through Bailey's Dam. C. E. H. Bonwill.

PORTER'S FLEET PASSING THROUGH BAILEY'S DAM. - Grant had given orders to close up the campaign on Red River, but Admiral Porter found that the river had fallen so much that he could not get his vessels over the rapids above Alexandria, but Lieutenant Colonel Bailey of the Fourth Wisconsin Volunteers constructed a large dam, which raised the water high enough to admit the passage of the entire fleet. It took two days to raise the water sufficiently to allow his largest vessels to pass through safely. For this brilliant service Bailey received the thanks of Congress and was made brigadier-general of Volunteers. Porter re-entered the Mississippi with his fleet, where be remained until relieved during the ensuing Summer. - Sketched by 0.E.H. Bonwill.

149. The Battle of Cold Harbor. Edwin Forbes.

HE BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR. The Eighteenth Corps driving Longstreet's forces from their first line of rifle pits. - Sheridan's cavalry had seized Cold Harbor. General Smith had moved a force of 16,000 men down the James River to cooperate with General Wright. Lee, being kept informed of this movement, had sent Longstreet to the same cross roads, where Smith and Wright found him strongly intrenched. They gave battle and drove him beyond Cold Harbor to a second line of trenches. The advance was made over an open field in the face of a galling fire and was brilliant in the extreme, though the loss on the Federal side was very heavy, 2000 men having fallen in that short engagement. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes.

150. Battle of Bethesda Church. Edwin Forbes.

BATTLE AT BETHESDA CHURCH, MAY 80, 1864 - There are two roads leading from Hanover Town direct to Richmond; these Lee defended with his entire force. His position could not be broken, so Grant moved across the Tolopotomoy Creek. Lee did the same, and both armies were now on their old ground. The Confederates threatened to turn Warren's left by a move on Mechanicsville, but General Crawford brought up the reserves to cover the road. Reaching Bethesda Church, a division of Ewell's corps charged them furiously on the flank. General Crawford brought up the remainder of the reserves and with the support of Col. Kitchens' brigade repulsed the attack. - Sketched by Edwin Forbes.

151. Battle of the Wilderness. J. Becker.

THE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS, MAY 5, 1804. - Gen. Grant, upon assuming the supreme command, reserved for himself the special field of Virginia. His objective was Lee's army defending Richmond, and his design was to turn Lee's right. He sent 100,000 men across the Rapidan and marched through the Wilderness due south, camping the next day close to the enemy. Lee attempted to turn Grant's left and throw him back upon the river. The battle began at 5 o'clock in the morning, when Hancock fell upon Hill and drove him a mile down the Plankroad. While rearranging his troops Longstreet suddenly attacked him, and he was driven back to his old lines. In the afternoon Lee again attacked Hancock, but nothing decisive was accomplished, although the Federal loss amounted to 15,000 men. - Sketched by J. Becker.

152. Battle of Spottsylvania Court House. J. Becker.

THE BATTLE OF SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE. - General Grant endeavored to plant his army between Lee and Richmond by a movement upon Spottsylvania Court House, fifteen miles southeast of the battlefield of the Wilderness. Warren's forces were to take the advance, with Hancock and Burnside to follow, and when the withdrawal of trains apprised Lee that some movement was being made, but not knowing the objective, he instructed Longstreet's Corps to move out of their breastworks and camp in readiness to move to Spottsylvania Court House in the morning. Not finding a place to bivouac, he began the march that night. In consequence of this night march, Lee was able to place himself in Grant's path, and on the following morning the Army of the Potomac filed into line in front of Lee's position. The scene represents Burnside and Hancock engaging the enemy. Various movements were made from flank to flank, and every assault was repulsed. - Sketched by J. Becker.

153. Battle of Gaines' Mills. William Waud.

THE BATTLE OF GAINES' MILLS, JUNE 27, 1862. - After the Battle of Mechanicsville McClellan learned that Jackson had crossed Beaver Dam Creek, and he saw that Lee intended to cut off the Federals from their base of supplies at the White House. The stores and ammunition were ordered removed to Savage's Station, and by daylight the troops and nearly all the heavy guns had crossed the New Bridge and were at Gaines' Mills. The Confederates